Table 1. Local names and main ingredients of selected traditional dishes and Arabic sweets frequently consumed in Lebanon.

Traditional dish/ Arabic sweet	Ingredients
Baba ghanouj	Aubergines, garlic cloves, lemon juice, tahini, pomegranate seeds, salt
Batata mehchi	Lamb ground, onions, butter, salt, pepper, pine nuts, potato, tomato juice
Borgul bi banadoura	Coarse bulgur wheat, small pearl onions, chickpeas, cinnamon stick, caraway seed, vegetable oil, mild white pepper, salt
Chichbarak	Chichbarak Dough: multi-purpose flour, salt, water warm to form a paste, yeast, sugar Meat Stuffing: ground beef, salt to taste, black pepper to taste, cinnamon powder to taste, onion finely chopped, pine nuts, olive oil, bushel of parsley chopped Chich Barak Stew: yogurt, water, starch, garlic cloves crushed (optional), rice, dried mint, salt to taste
Falafel	Dry peeled fava beans dried chickpeas (aka Garbanzo beans), Italian parsley (chop away the stems), green cilantro (chop away the stems), freshly peeled crushed garlic cloves, red or yellow onion, green onions, salt, black pepper, flour, baking soda, red chili pepper (optional, if spicy falafel is desired), cumin, coriander Falafel Tahini Sauce: Tahini paste, freshly squeezed lemon juice, garlic cloves, crushed, salt
Fatayer sabanikh	Fresh spinach, onions, pine nuts, lemon juice, olive oil, sumac, salt, plain white flour, caster sugar, baker yeast, olive oil, salt
Fattat Hommos	Chickpeas, tomatoes, onion, basil leaves, garlic cloves, pitta bread, pine nuts, yogurt, tahini and vinegar, vegetable oil, salt and pepper
Fattoush	Lettuces or romaine lettuce, cherry tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, spring onions, flat-leaf parsley mint, pitta bread, olive oil, vinegar, sumac, salt
Foul moudamas	Broad beans, baking soda, water, water, salt, garlic cloves minced, lemon juice, olive oil
Hindbe bi zet	Chicory greens, water, olive oil, onions, salt, lemon juice
Hommos bi tahini	Chickpeas, garlic cloves, lemon juice, Tahini, olive oil, salt
Kafta wa batata	Minced lamb, flat-leaf parsley, onions, salt and pepper, onions, red pepper, tomato juice, debs roman, olive oil, salt and pepper, potatoes, ripe tomatoes, vegetable oil
Kibba bi sayniya	Finely ground beef (or lamb, lean), bulgur cracked wheat, salt, all spice, cumin, onions (finely chopped)
Koussa mehchi	Minced lamb, small zucchini, short grain rice, olive oil, salt and black pepper
Lahm bi ajeen	Plain white flour, caster sugar, baker′s yeast, salt, olive oil, minced lamb, tomatoes, few drops of pomegranate molasses, salt and pepper
Loubia bi zet	Vegetable oil, white onions, sliced, frozen bag green beans, garlic cloves, peeled, Cans of chopped tomatoes, salt and sweet pepper to taste, 7 spices, extra-virgin olive oil
Malfouf mehchi	Cabbage leaves, basic vegetables stuffing, tomato, lemon juice, water, cinnamon, garlic cloves, dry mint
Moujadara	Green or coral lentils, short-grain rice, onions, olive oil, salt
Moghrabia	Dry dough, chickpeas, pearl onions, vegetable oil, caraway butter, ground cinnamon, ground cumin, salt, black pepper
Mousaka batinjan	Aubergine, yellow or white onion, diced, garlic cloves, minced, low-salt chickpeas, extra virgin olive oil, low-salt diced tomatoes, tomato paste, piquant post spicy mint blend, pita chips or crusty bread for dipping, salt and pepper to taste
Riz a dajaj	Chicken breast, basmati rice, carrot, onions, tomato juice, whole black peppercorns, whole green cardamoms, cinnamon, cloves, cumin, vegetable oil, salt
Riz b lahma	Medium fat meat, basmati rice, carrot, onions, tomato juice, whole black peppercorns, whole green cardamoms, cinnamon, cloves, cumin, vegetable oils, salt
Sayadiah	Sea bass, scaled and gutted or in fillets, basmati rice, onions, caraway seeds, ground cumin, pines nuts, olive oil, fish stock, vegetable oil, salt, flour, butter, lemon juice
Shawarma dajaj	Chicken, olive oil, onions, red vinegar, lemon juice, pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, salt, cloves of garlic
Shawarma lahma	Meat, olive oil, onions, red vinegar, lemon juice, pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, salt, cloves of garlic
Tabboula	Tomatoes, spring onions, flat leaf parsley, mint, bulgur wheat, lemon juice, olive oil, salt
Warak enab	Vine leaves, tomatoes, onion, flat-leaf parsley, mint, lemon juice, short-grain rice, meat, olive oil, salt
Yakhnet Bamia	Lamb cubed, onions, garlic cloves minced, green coriander, okra, lemon juice, salt, pepper, water and tomatoes
Yakhnet Fassoulia	Shoulder of lamb, fresh white haricot beans, coriander, onions, garlic cloves, tomato juice, olive oils, water or chicken stock, salt and black pepper
Yakhnet Mouloukhia	Free-range chicken, basmati rice, coriander, garlic cloves, onion, shallots, pitta bread, vinegar, lemon juice, vegetable oil and salt
Baklava mixed	Sheets of phyllo pastry, unsalted melted butter, fragrant sugar syrup. Filling Ingredients: hulled unsalted pistachios, superfine sugar, orange blossom water, rose water
Baklava mixed light	Sheets of phyllo pastry, unsalted melted butter, sugar alcohol. Filling Ingredients: hulled unsalted pistachios, sugar alcohol, orange blossom water, rose water
Barazik	Sesame seeds (lightly toasted), clarified chilled butter, icing sugar, egg, vanilla, vinegar, flour, baking powder, a pinch of salt, thinly sliced pistachios, milk
Boundoukia	Hazelnut, sugar, water, corn flour, salt, orange blossom water, rose water, butter
Daoukia	hulled unsalted pistachios, semolina, sugar, milk, orange blossom water, rose water, butter, green colorant
Foustoukia	Egg white, fine sugar, fine powdered sugar, blossom water, almonds, pistachio, dried flowers for decoration
Ghourayba	Organic sugar cane, small grains mastic to yield powdered mastic, egg yolks, unsalted butter at room temperature, unbleached all-purpose flour, blanched whole almonds.
Halawa	Unbleached all-purpose flour, grounded aniseed, grounded cinnamon, small grains mastic finely grounded to yield powdered mastic, sesame seeds, blanched toasted almonds, confectioners′ sugar, honey, unsalted butter, sunflower oil
Halawa light	Unbleached all-purpose flour, grounded aniseed, grounded cinnamon, small grains mastic finely grounded to yield powdered mastic, sesame seeds, blanched toasted almonds, Sugar alcohol, unsalted butter, sunflower oil
Halawet el jiben	Akkawi cheese, sugar, semolina, water, kashta, orange blossom water, rose water, sugar syrup, lemon blossom and grated pistachio for decoration
Ish el bulbul	Knefeh dough, melted butter, honey, kashta, sweetened lemon blossom, pistachios
Kallaj kashta	Sugar, pistachios, lemon blossom, milk, kallaj sheets. Kashta ingredients: milk, cream fresh, rose water, blossom water, corn flour, sugar. Sugar syrup ingredients: sugar, water, lemon juice
Karabij joz maa crema	Grounded finely walnuts, caster sugar, cold water, rose water, extra-fine semolina, unsalted softened butter, granulated sugar, grounded mahlab, whole milk, active dry yeast dissolved with sugar in water. Cream Ingredients: egg whites, sugar, rose water, blossom water
Katayef kashta	Flour, a pinch of salt, sugar, instant dry yeast, lukewarm water, baking soda, rose syrup. Akkawi cheese or ricotta mixed with Mozarella, fresh grated Mozarella cheese, sugar, rose water
Kounafa kashta bil kaak	Milk, cream fresh, rose water, blossom water, corn flour, sugar, ″hair″ pastry, unsalted diced butter, fragrant sugar syrup
Kounafa bil jiben	Akkawi cheese or cow′s milk mozarella, ″hair″ pastry, unsalted diced butter, fragrant sugar syrup
Maakaron	Blanched almonds plus whole almonds, superfine sugar, almond extract, freshly squeezed lemon juice, egg whites
Maakroun and moushabak	Flour, corn flour, yeast, water. Sugar syrup: sugar, water, lemon juice
Maamoul tamer	Semolina, grounded mahlab, clarified melted butter, instant dry yeast, sugar, full-fat milk, icing sugar for dusting. Chopped pitted dates, grounded nutmeg, melted butter
Maamoul mad kashta	Semolina, ghee, sugar, fine semolina, ground mahlab, yeast, rose water, blossom water. Filling ingredients: water, sweetened condensed milk, corn flour, blossom water
Maamoul mad joz	Semolina, flour (ferkha), unsalted butter melted, ghee, melted, instant yeast, flour, sugar, orange blossom water, rose water For filling: walnuts, pistachios, orange blossom water, rose water, sugar
Maamoul fostok	Regular semolina, unbleached all-purpose flour, superfine sugar, fast-acting (instant) yeast, unsalted butter at room temperature, orange blossom water, rose water. Hulled unsalted pistachio, superfine sugar, orange blossom water, rose water
Maamoul joz	Semolina, grounded mahlab, clarified melted butter, instant dry yeast, sugar, full-fat milk, icing sugar for dusting Fine chopped walnuts, sugar, orange blossom water, zest of orange, and cinnamon
Madlouka	Milk, starch, sugar, semolina, fried nuts almond and cashew, vinegar, blossom water, ghee, water, ground pistachio liquid cream, lemon juice, sugar cherry
Mafrouka kashta	Semolina, cream liquid milk, red lemon blossom, ground pistachio, flower water, liquid whipping cream, white toast, butter, liquid vanilla, corn starch Sugar syrup ingredients: sugar, water
Mafrouka fostok	Sugar, butter, sweetened concentrated milk, rose water, water, semolina, roasted pistachio mixture, and cornstarch. Sugar syrup ingredients: sugar, water, rose water
Moufattaka	Rice, sugar, tahini, turmeric, water, pine nuts, cinnamon powder
Mouhallabiya	Whole milk, granulated sugar, liquid honey (optional), grounded almonds, grounded walnuts
Moushabak	Flour, corn stretch, water, dry instant yeast, sugar, sunflower oil for frying. Sugar syrup
Nammoura	Regular semolina, fine semolina, grounded mastic with sugar, sugar, salt, clarified melted butter, rose water, yogurt, baking soda, tahini, blanched almonds, rose syrup. Sugar, water, lemon juice, orange blossom water, rose water
Osmaliya	Knefeh packet, milk, starch, melted ghee, sugar syrup, crushed pistachios
Riz bil Halib	Cornstarch, cold milk, full-fat milk, heavy cream, vanilla pod, presoaked and drained short-grain white rice, sugar, rose water, orange blossom water
Saniora	Flour, sugar, ghee, butter, almonds or pistachios
Sfouf	Semolina, flour, turmeric powder, milk, vegetable oil, sugar, water, baking powder, tahina to grease the baking tray, pine nuts
Shaaybiyat	Sheets of phyllo pastry, unsalted melted butter, fragrant sugar syrup. Walnuts, superfine sugar, grounded cinnamon, orange blossom water, rose water. Superfine sugar, freshly squeezed lemon juice, water, rose water, orange blossom water
Ward el sham	Phyllo pastry sheets, cream, butter, vegetable oil, ghee, ground pistachios. Sugar syrup ingredients: sugar, water, lemon juice, rose water, blossom water
Znoud el sitt	Spring roll dough, milk, liquid cream, starch, flour, water, rose water, corn oil, sugar syrup, pistachios