Table 1.
Prevalence and relationship of anxiety based on the socio-demographic characteristics of participants (n = 1821)
| Socio-demographic characteristic | Total number | Anxiety | Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Yes (GAD ≥ 8) n (%) |
No (GAD < 8) n (%) |
||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 683 | 186(27.2%) | 497(72.8%) |
χ 2 = 1.75, df = 1, p = 0.08 |
| Female | 1138 | 343(30.1%) | 795(69.9%) | |
| Age group category | ||||
| 18–22 | 1530 | 449(29.3%) | 1081(70.7%) |
χ2 = 0.99 df = 2, p = 0.61 |
| 23–27 | 271 | 76(28.0%) | 195(72.0%) | |
| > 28 | 20 | 4(20.0%) | 16(80.0%) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Malay | 922 | 236(25.6%) | 686(74.4%) |
χ2 = 11.11, df = 3, p = 0.01* |
| Chinese | 553 | 178(32.2%) | 375(67.8%) | |
| Indian | 165 | 53(32.1%) | 112(67.9%) | |
| Others | 181 | 62(34.3%) | 119(65.7%) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 1799 | 524(29.1%) | 1275(70.9%) |
χ2 = 0.98, df = 2, p = 0.61 |
| Married | 20 | 5(25.0%) | 15(75.0%) | |
| Divorced & Widow | 2 | 0(0.0%) | 2(100.0%) | |
| Monthly family income (RM) | ||||
| RM950 and below | 330 | 108(32.7%) | 222(67.3%) |
χ2 = 6.40, df = 3, p = 0.09 |
| RM951-RM3,900 | 722 | 202(28.0%) | 520(72.0%) | |
| RM3,901-RM8,400 | 504 | 132(26.2%) | 372(73.8%) | |
| RM8,401 and above | 265 | 87(32.8%) | 178(67.2%) | |
| Residency | ||||
| Rural | 454 | 113(24.9%) | 341(75.1%) |
χ2 = 5.07, df = 1, p = 0.02* |
| Urban | 1367 | 416(30.4%) | 951(69.6%) | |
| Current smoking | ||||
| Yes | 54 | 22(40.7%) | 32(59.3%) |
χ2 = 3.96, df = 1, p = 0.04* |
| No | 1767 | 507(28.7%) | 1260(71.3%) | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Yes | 158 | 73(46.2%) | 85(53.8%) |
χ2 = 24.69, df = 1, p < 0.01* |
| No | 1663 | 456(27.4%) | 1207(72.6%) | |
| Poor sleep quality | ||||
| Yes | 779 | 328(42.1%) | 451(57.9%) |
χ2 = 112.57, df = 1, p < 0.01* |
| No | 1042 | 201(19.3%) | 841(80.7%) | |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | ||||
| Underweight (Below 18.5) | 290 | 104(35.9%) | 186(64.1%) |
χ2 = 10.95, df = 3, p = 0.01* |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1068 | 294(27.5%) | 774(72.5%) | |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 318 | 82(25.8%) | 236(74.2%) | |
| Obese (30.0 and above) | 145 | 49(33.8%) | 96(66.2%) | |
| Number of people in household | ||||
| 1–5 | 1151 | 340(29.5%) | 811(70.5%) |
χ2 = 0.50, df = 2, p = 0.77 |
| 6–10 | 648 | 182(28.1%) | 466(71.9%) | |
| ≥ 11 | 22 | 7(31.8%) | 15(68.2%) | |
| Parents with tertiary education background | ||||
| Yes | 786 | 240(30.5%) | 546(69.5%) |
χ2 = 1.47, df = 1, p = 0.22 |
| No | 1035 | 289(27.9%) | 746(72.1%) | |
*Significant at p < 0.05;