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. 2021 Mar 3;13:37. doi: 10.1186/s13073-021-00856-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Microbial functional modules are differentially abundant in the microbiota of the combined Danish-Indian group of T2D patients after controlling for confounding factors. Fold change of differentially abundant functional modules are shown in log scale. Both Danish and Indians’ samples were included in the analysis. These modules are consistently identified from six different analyses where country and metformin were always adjusted for, while each additional factor (BMI, age, gender, usage of sulfonyl urea, statins, and proton pump inhibitors) was adjusted for one by one. NG, normoglycemic controls (n = 275); T2D, type 2 diabetes (n = 298)