Skip to main content
. 2021 Mar 4;160(7):2435–2450.e34. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.02.056

Figure 3.

Figure 3

CyTOF-based analysis identified immune cell signatures in intestinal biopsy samples and blood from patients with COVID-19 and control individuals. Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) presentation of (A) the 8 clusters of LP immune populations based on 38 markers, (B, left) by infection status with COVID-19 patients (red) and controls (blue) and (B, right) by disease severity with control individuals (blue) and patients with severe (red) and asymptomatic/mild/moderate (green) COVID-19. (C) The heatmap depicting immune populations in the LP based on specific cell-type markers. (D) Representative histograms comparing CD206+ and CD123+ in DC subsets in patients (red) and control individuals (blue). (E) Relative frequencies of CD206+ cDC2 and plasmacytoid DCs in LP of patients and control individuals (unsupervised analysis). (F) Relative frequencies of PD-1+ CD38+ (effector) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the LP of control individuals and patients (supervised analysis). (G) UMAP presentation of the 8 clusters of immune populations based on 38 markers in the EC of intestinal biopsy samples. (H) Relative frequencies of CD206+ cDC2 and CD4–CD8– T cells in the EC of control individuals and patients (unsupervised analysis). (I) Relative frequencies of PD-1+CD38+ (effector) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood of control individuals and patients (supervised analysis). Open red circles denote patients with asymptomatic/mild/moderate disease, and filled red circles denote patients with severe COVID-19. Bar plots represent median values. Freq., frequency.