Figure 5.

Patients with COVID-19 with GI symptoms had reduced severity and mortality despite similar NP viral loads compared to those without GI symptoms. (A) Kaplan-Meier curves for survival stratified by any GI symptoms (left) and diarrhea (right) for patients in the discovery cohort. P values from log rank test and 95% CIs of Kaplan-Meier curves are shown. The number of patients at risk are reported for the respective timepoints. (B) 95% CIs of ORs of GI symptoms based on 1000 bootstrap iterations in a multivariate logistic regression for severity (blue) and mortality (red). (C) Validation based on the external cohort. 95% CIs of ORs of the diarrhea covariate based on 1000 bootstrap iterations to capture mortality, ICU admission, and composite outcome of ICU admission or death. Results are based on multivariate models after accounting for confounders including BMI, age, sex, lung disease, heart disease, and hypertension. (D) Validation based on the internal cohort. Boxplot of AUC over 1000 bootstrap iterations to predict mortality and disease severity in the internal validation cohort. (E) 95% CI of the reduction in AUC based on 1000 bootstrap iterations for the model “age + BMI + any GI symptoms” after removing age (blue), GI symptoms (red), and BMI (green). (F) SARS-CoV-2 viral load copies per milliliter (log₁₀ transformed based on N2 primer with the addition of a constant) stratified by GI symptoms. The square corresponds to the average viral load, and the error bars show 1 standard deviation of uncertainty from the mean. P values from 2-tailed unpaired t tests are reported. CI, confidence interval.