Table 4.

Disinfectants effects on wildlife (USEPA ECOTOX Report, 2011)

Douglas Fir	Applied ethanol concentrations of Seedlings 10% and greater lethal within a week, effects also observed with 5% and 1% solutions
Japanese Quail	Ethanol at 2% in drinking water had signi ficant effects on blood, brain weight and growth after 7-day exposure
Honeybees	Bees fed solutions of ethanol (5% and greater) showed behavioural effects, and mortality with solutions of 50% ethanol.
Little Brown Bat	LD50 of 3.9–4.4 g/kg