Table 3.

Patient characteristics associated with development of multiple complications after adult spinal deformity surgery.

Parameter	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Value
Current Smoker	2.1 (1.05–3.8)	.03
COPD	2.5 (1.2–5.0)	.01
Hypertension	2.4 (1.5–3.6)	<.0001
mFI	1.5 (1.2–2.0)	.001

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; mFI, modified frailty index.