Table 2.
Z Scores at Baseline and Follow-up for Participants
| Cardiac Variable | Baseline | Follow-up | N (%) | Z Score Baseline Mean (SD) | Z Score 18 Months Mean (SD) | Adjusted Change in Z Score after 18 Months, SD (95% CI) | P Value | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RV diameter diastole | Normal | Normal | 151 (86) | 0.15 (1.1) | 0.64 (0.9) | 0.55 (.43–.67) | <.001 | … |
| Normal | RV dilatation | 12 (7) | 1.10 (0.7) | 2.51 (0.5) | 2.47 (1.90–3.03) | <.001 | 12/163 (7%) | |
| RV dilatation | Normal | 1 (1) | 2.23 (0.0) | 1.81 (0.0) | –0.79a | … | … | |
| RV dilatation | RV dilatation | 11 (6) | 2.91 (0.7) | 2.85 (0.8) | 0.59 (–1.21 to 2.39) | .478 | … | |
| LV diameter diastole | Normal | Normal | 167 (95) | 0.37 (1.0) | 0.62 (1.0) | 0.35 (.24–.47) | <.001 | … |
| Normal | LV dilatation | 1 (1) | 1.04 | 2.10 | 1.06a | … | 1/168 (1%) | |
| LV dilatation | LV dilatation | 7 (4) | 3.27 (0.3) | 2.94 (0.4) | –0.46 (–2.20 to 1.27) | .523 | … | |
| IVS diameter diastole | Normal | Normal | 172 (98) | 0.02 (0.9) | 0.62 (0.8) | 0.61 (.51–.71) | <.001 | … |
| Normal | IVS hypertrophy | 2 (1) | 1.82 (0.2) | 3.13 (1.1) | 1.31 (1.3) | … | 2/174 (1%) | |
| IVS hypertrophy | Normal | 1 (1) | 2.50 | 1.63 | –0.87a | … | … | |
| LVPW diameter diastole | Normal | Normal | 158 (90) | 0.05 (1.0) | 0.72 (0.8) | 0.70 (.59–.81) | <.001 | … |
| LVPW hypertrophy | Normal | 4 (2) | 2.43 (0.2) | 1.63 (0.2) | –0.80 (.4)a | … | … | |
| LVPW hypertrophy | LVPW hypertrophy | 13 (7) | 2.61 (0.5) | 2.61 (0.4) | 1.00 (.11–1.89) | .032 | … | |
| LA diameter diastole | Normal | Normal | 160 (91) | 0.17 (1.0) | 0.52 (0.9) | 0.41 (.31–.50) | <.001 | … |
| Normal | LA dilatation | 1 (1) | 1.99 | 2.07 | 0.08a | … | 1/161 (1%) | |
| LA dilatation | LA dilatation | 14 (8) | 2.44 (0.3) | 2.44 (0.2) | 2.74 (1.77–3.70) | <.001 | … | |
| TAPSE | Normal | Normal | 154 (88) | –0.59 (0.9) | –0.16 (1.0) | –0.04 (.22–.14) | .673 | … |
| Normal | RV systolic dysfunction | 4 (2) | –1.36 (0.6) | –2.32 (0.3) | –0.96 (.8)a | … | 4/158 (3%) | |
| RV systolic dysfunction | RV systolic dysfunction | 2 (1) | –2.23 (0.1) | –2.20 (0.1) | –0.02 (.1)a | … | … |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IVS, interventricular septum; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall; RV, right ventricle; SD, standard deviation; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
aUnadjusted change (if n = 1) or adjusted mean (and SD if n > 1) has been reported.