Table 3.
Logit models (N = 1,633) | Linear models (≥0) (n = 577) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Grandparents’ characteristics | ||||
Age | −0.25*** | −0.31*** | −0.03* | −0.01 |
Femalea | −0.18 | 0.29 | −0.26 | −0.19 |
Married and living with spouseb | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.02 |
Some educationc | 0.96 | 1.58* | 0.01 | 0.11 |
Occupation agriculturald | −1.47 | −2.22** | 0.09 | 0.01 |
Household income (logged value) | 0.71** | 1.09** | 0.05 | 0.08 |
Functional disability | −0.12* | −0.20* | −0.02 | −0.02 |
Poorer self-rated health | 0.16 | 0.50 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Number of paternal grandchildren aged 16 or below | −0.44* | −1.06*** | 0.11* | −0.01 |
Parents’ characteristics | ||||
Age | −0.07 | 0.00 | ||
First-born son of grandparente | 0.87* | 0.22* | ||
First-born daughter of grandparente | −0.55 | −0.18 | ||
Second or higher order son of grandparente | 0.32 | 0.13* | ||
Junior-middle school or greaterf | 0.34 | −0.04 | ||
Married and lives with spouseb | −0.81 | −0.18 | ||
Number of children below 16 years | 0.47 | 0.08 | ||
Occupation in agricultured | −0.45 | −0.14 | ||
Skipped-generation householdg | 2.57*** | 0.35*** | ||
Three-generation householdg | −0.28 | 0.20 | ||
Money provided to grandparent | 0.31*** | 0.04* | ||
Age of youngest child | 0.08 | −0.01 | ||
Constant | 9.89* | 11.91* | 7.19*** | 6.36*** |
Sigma_u | 5.11 | 7.31 | 0.98 | 0.82 |
Sigma_e | —- | — | 0.75 | 0.68 |
ICC | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.63 | 0.59 |
Log likelihood | −782.53 | −706.00 | — | — |
R 2 | — | — | 0.04 | 0.27 |
Note: Omitted groups are: amale. bnot married and living with spouse. cno education. dnonagricultural or never worked. esecond or higher order daughter (effect coded). fprimary school or less. gnot living with grandparent (effect coded). ICC = intraclass correlation.
*p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001.