Table 2.

Vaccine platforms used in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (tested in phase III trials as of January 2021) and published data on immunogenicity and alloimmunity in SOT recipients

Vaccine platform	Example products against SARS-CoV-2	Evidence of immunogenicity of this vaccine platform in SOT recipients	Evidence on alloimmunity related to this vaccine platform in SOT recipients
mRNA	mRNA-1273 BNT162b2 CVnCoV	No data	No self-reported episodes of rejection in a national survey of 187 SOT recipients after a single dose of mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 [76]
DNA	AG0302-COVID19 ZyCoV-D	ASP0113, a DNA-based cytomegalovirus vaccine (encoding glycoprotein B and phosphoprotein 65), was not immunogenic in kidney transplant recipients [77]	No difference in rates of rejection between ASP0113 and placebo [77]
Nanoparticle	NVX-CoV2373	No data	No data
Virus-like particle	CoVLP	Suboptimal immunogenicity of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in SOT recipients [78]	No data
Protein subunit or peptide	ZF2001 EpiVacCorona SCB-2019	For most routine protein subunit or inactivated vaccines, SOT recipients generate less robust immune responses compared with non-transplant patients Reviewed in [75]	No evidence of alloimmunity associated with routine vaccines Reviewed in [79]
Inactivated virus	BBIBP-CorV CoronaVac BBV152 A, B, C Inactivated WIV04 Inactivated KMS-1 QazCovid-in
Adenovirus (Ad) vectored	Gam-Covid-Vac Ad26.COV2.S Ad5CoV	No data	No data
Chimpanzee Ad vectored	ChAdOx1/AZD1222	No data	No data