Table 2.
Associations Between Receipt of CHC Social Assistance and Outcomes
| Variable | Unadjusted rates, % |
Adjusted differences | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Received social needs assistance |
Did not receive social needs assistance |
Difference (95% CI) | |
| Enrolled in social services | 72.6 | 61.3 | 4.8 (−1.2, 10.8) |
| Usual source – CHC | 84.3 | 78.6 | 7.2 (2.2, 12.1) |
| Usual source – ED | 4.4 | 6.5 | −4.2 (−7.0, −1.3) |
| Routine checkup in last year | 65.9 | 68.6 | −4.0 (−11.3, 3.3) |
| Perceived quality of care based on provider rating – best | 77.0 | 71.1 | 11.1 (5.4, 16.9) |
| Willingness to recommend | 87.5 | 84.3 | 5.9 (1.0, 10.8) |
Notes: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05). Authors defined enrolled in social programs outcome if respondent or someone in household received 1 of the following: food stamps, WIC, TANF, Section 8 Housing, or any other assistance from the government. Unadjusted rates apply survey weights only. Adjusted estimates use logistic regression; include inverse probability of treatment weights; and adjust for age, gender, race/ethnicity, household income measured as a percentage of the federal poverty level, English proficiency, health insurance type (uninsured, public, or private), highest level of education attained, urban versus rural location, marital status, being born in the U.S., experiencing homelessness, sexual minority status, self-reported fair or poor health status, diagnosis of select medical conditions (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, angina, stroke, asthma, depression, generalized anxiety, or other mental health conditions [panic disorder, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder]), patient type (e.g., general CHC patients, public housing, migrant and seasonal farm workers, or health care for the homeless), if they had visited this particular CHC for 5 years or more, number of CHC visits in the last year, and Medicaid expansion status as of 2014. Adjusted differences were calculated as mean marginal effects and are reported as absolute percentage point differences.
CHC, community health center; ED, emergency department; TANF, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.