Table 3. Differences in male perpetration of IPV by multi-level factor (N = 1,272).
| Variables | Total | Male Perpetration | χ2 or t | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 147) | No (n = 1,125) | ||||||
| Personal history | Witnessing parents’ violence in childhood | Yes | 451 (37.0) | 88 (59.5) | 363 (34.0) | 36.39 | < .001 |
| No | 821 (63.0) | 59 (40.5) | 762 (66.0) | ||||
| Childhood maltreatment by parents | Yes | 741 (59.7) | 109 (72.4) | 632 (58.1) | 11.07 | .002 | |
| No | 531 (40.3) | 38 (27.6) | 493 (41.9) | ||||
| Micro- system | Structure of decision making with partner | Mean ± SD | 3.07 ± 0.03 | 3.05 ± 0.05 | 3.09 ± 0.02 | -0.95 | .345 |
| Age (years) | 19–39 | 261 (16.8) | 24 (14.7) | 261 (16.8) | 0.61 | .913 | |
| 40–49 | 319 (25.8) | 40 (27.2) | 319 (25.8) | ||||
| 50–59 | 351 (28.6) | 45 (29.2) | 351 (28.6) | ||||
| ≥60 | 341 (28.7) | 38 (28.9) | 341 (28.7) | ||||
| Exo- system | Education level | ≤Elementary | 72 (5.5) | 9 (5.4) | 63 (5.5) | 4.42 | .302 |
| Middle school | 108 (9.3) | 11 (8.9) | 97 (9.3) | ||||
| High school | 556 (45.1) | 76 (52.8) | 480 (44.1) | ||||
| ≥College | 536 (40.2) | 51 (32.9) | 485 (41.2) | ||||
| Household income (1,000 KRW) | <2,000 | 186 (14.2) | 22 (14.6) | 164 (14.2) | 1.24 | .781 | |
| 2,000–2,999 | 218 (15.6) | 23 (14.1) | 195 (15.8) | ||||
| 3,000–3,999 | 328 (24.7) | 41 (28.2) | 287 (24.3) | ||||
| ≥4,000 | 539 (45.5) | 61 (43.2) | 478 (45.8) | ||||
| Occupation type | Professional or Manager | 116 (10.8) | 15 (11.9) | 101 (10.7) | 0.27 | .889 | |
| Office job | 324 (27.0) | 38 (27.8) | 286 (26.9) | ||||
| Others | 697 (62.2) | 78 (60.3) | 619 (62.4) | ||||
| Macro- system | Attitude to gender roles | Mean ± SD | 2.40 ± 0.02 | 2.43 ± 0.04 | 2.37 ± 0.02 | 1.45 | .147 |
| Awareness of neighborhood and community | Mean ± SD | 2.58 ± 0.02 | 2.62 ± 0.04 | 2.54 ± 0.02 | 1.62 | .105 | |
| Attitude to IPV | Mean ± SD | 1.95 ± 0.02 | 2.05 ± 0.04 | 1.84 ± 0.01 | 4.72 | 〈.001 | |
| Awareness of IPV -related laws and policies | Mean ± SD | 4.03 ± 0.08 | 3.93 ± 0.15 | 4.13 ± 0.06 | -1.28 | .201 | |
| Awareness of support facilities | Mean ± SD | 2.16 ± 0.06 | 2.16 ± 0.10 | 2.16 ± 0.04 | 0.00 | 1.000 | |
IPV: Intimate partner violence.