Table 3. Univariate and multivariate analysis for recurrence in BCLC 0/A patients with DM after curative hepatectomy.
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Comparison | N (%) | HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value |
| Age (years) | > 60 | 146 (65.8) | 1.173 (0.830–1.658) | 0.365 | ||
| ≦ 60 | 76 (34.2) | |||||
| Sex | Male | 170 (76.6) | 1.011 (0.676–1.513) | 0.957 | ||
| Female | 52 (23.4) | |||||
| HbA1C(%) | >9 | 13 (9.6) | 2.220 (1.174–4.196) | <0.014 | 2.095 (1.061–4.139) | 0.033 |
| ≦ 9 | 122 (90.4) | |||||
| Metformin | Yes | 136 (61.3) | 0.991 (0.696–1.410) | 0.958 | ||
| No | 86 (38.7) | |||||
| Sulfonylurea | Yes | 103 (46.4) | 0.994 (0.708–1.395) | 0.971 | ||
| No | 119 (53.6) | |||||
| Insulin | Yes | 28 (12.6) | 1.591 (0.984–2.572) | 0.058 | ||
| No | 194 (87.4) | |||||
| Hypertension | Yes | 137 (60.9) | 1.186 (0.775–1.813) | 0.432 | ||
| No | 85 (39.1) | |||||
| Smoking | Yes | 65 (29.3) | 1.384 (0.847–2.261) | 0.195 | ||
| No | 157 (70.7) | |||||
| Alcohol | Yes | 54 (24.3) | 0.735 (0.423–1.278) | 0.276 | ||
| No | 168 (75.7) | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | >25 | 119 (54.3) | 0.829 (0.531–1.296) | 0.411 | ||
| ≦25 | 100 (45.7) | |||||
| AST(U/L) | >40 | 93 (40.1) | 1.899 (1.354–2.663) | <0.001 | ||
| ≦40 | 128 (59.9) | |||||
| ALT(U/L) | >40 | 101 (46.3) | 1.660 (1.181–2.335) | 0.004 | ||
| ≦40 | 117 (53.7) | |||||
| Total bilirubin | per mg/dL | 0.657 (0.348–1.238) | 0.194 | |||
| Serum creatinine | per mg/dL | 0.990 (0.805–1.219) | 0.928 | |||
| AFP (ng/mL) | > 200 | 37 (17.3) | 1.415 (0.908–2.204) | 0.125 | ||
| ≦ 200 | 177 (82.7) | |||||
| Platelet (109/L) | ≦ 150 | 110 (50) | 1.585 (1.126–2.232) | 0.008 | ||
| > 150 | 110 (50) | |||||
| Albumin (g/dL) | ≦3 | 47 (21.6) | 1.717(1.155–2.554) | 0.008 | 1.883 (1.065–3.330) | 0.030 |
| >3 | 171 (88.4) | |||||
| Liver cirrhosis | Yes | 115 (51.8) | 1.457 (1.038–2.045) | 0.029 | ||
| No | 107 (48.2) | |||||
| Child-Pugh grade | B | 21 (9.5) | 1.326 (0.732–2.403) | 0.352 | ||
| A | 201 (90.5) | |||||
| Tumor no. | Multiple | 23 (10.4) | 1.383 (0.831–2.301) | 0.212 | ||
| Single | 199 (89.6) | |||||
| Tumor size (cm) | per centimeter | 1.214 (0.796–1.851) | 0.368 | |||
| Histology stages | Poor | 9 (4.1) | 1.630 (0.760–3.493) | 0.209 | ||
| well + moderate | 211 (95.9) | |||||
| Vascular invasion | Yes | 89 (40.1) | 1.588 (1.130–2.232) | 0.008 | 2.586 (1.473–4.537) | 0.001 |
| No | 133 (59.9) | |||||
| Hepatitis B | Yes | 95 (42.8) | 1.371 (0.979–1.920) | 0.066 | ||
| No | 127 (57.2) | |||||
| Hepatitis C | Yes | 95 (42.8) | 1.061 (0.753–1.496) | 0.753 | ||
| No | 127 (57.2) | |||||
| Steatosis grade | <5% (Reference) | 91 (43.5) | ||||
| 5–33% | 107 (52.2) | 1.659 (1.042–2.643) | 0.033 | |||
| >33% | 11 (4.3) | 0.459 (0.107–1.971) | 0.295 | |||
| Ishak fibrosis score | 4–6 | 119 (63.3) | 1.297 (0.841–1.998) | 0.239 | ||
| 0–3 | 69 (36.7) | |||||
| Surgery | major | 59 (26.6) | 0.846 (0.508–1.411) | 0.522 | ||
| minor | 163 (73.4) | |||||
| Conventional | 186 (83.8) | 0.732 (0.421–1.271) | 0.267 | |||
| laparoscopic | 36 (16.2) | |||||