Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of study sample and their associations with self-management.

Variable	Frequency	Percent	Self-management		Statistic test	p value
			Mean	Standard deviation
Gender
Man	111	69.8	59.93	10.58	t = 1.95	0.053
Woman	48	30.2	56.46	9.69
Marital status
Married	151	95	58.4	10.19	t = −2.59	0.01
Single	8	5	68	11.16
Education
Being able to write and read	83	52.2	57.29	10.4
Diploma	66	41.5	60.42	10.51	F = 2.14	0.12
University degree	10	6.3	61.90	8.32
Job
Employed	34	21.4	62.41	8.61
Retired	63	39.6	58.97	9.24	H = 12.86	0.005
Housewife	41	25.8	54.66	9.78
Unemployed	21	13.2	61.14	14.68
Monthly income (tomans)
<500,000	45	28.5	58.69	9.72
500,000–1,000,000	77	48.7	57.99	10.75	F = 1.71	0.17
1,000,000–1,500,000	31	19.6	62.29	10.04
>1,500,000	5	3.2	53.8	12.4
Complementary insurance
Yes	69	43.4	59.72	11.14	t = 0.89	0.37
No	90	56.6	58.23	9.83
History of being under haemodialysis
1–5 years	100	62.9	58.65	11.26	H = 2.33	0.31
6–10 years	46	28.9	60.3	9.3
>10 years	13	8.2	55.61	6.17
Dialysis sessions per week
Two	11	7	61.09	10.81	F = 0.40	0.67
Three	130	82.8	58.74	10.25
Four	16	10.2	60.37	11.17
Duration of dialysis sessions
Three hours	6	3.8	63.33	9.81	F = 0.65	0.52
Three hours and half	23	14.5	59.52	10.43
Four hours	130	81.8	58.56	11.59
Cause of renal failure
Hypertension	69	43.9	59.19	10.84
Diabetes	61	38.9	57.34	10.89	F = 1.87	0.14
Medicinal side effects	7	4.5	66.86	6.18
Others	20	12.7	59.5	7.75

Valid percent; t = independent t-test; F = analysis of variance; H = Kruskal-Wallis test (due to lack of equality of variances).