FIG. 3.

Comparison of the performance of DF, scTFF, and dcTFF in filtering EVs from B16BL6 cell media. (a)–(c) Schematics of DF (a), scTFF (b), and dcTFF (c) showing inlet and outlet positions and DLS measurements of the size distribution of EVs using DF, scTFF, and dcTFF filtration. (d) SEM images of EVs on a 30 nm membrane isolated by DF, scTFF, and dcTFF, and a comparison of EVs in C2 [yellow dotted line of (a)–(c)] within a specific measured size range isolated by DF, scTFF, and dcTFF. Data are presented as means ± standard error of mean (SEM) (^* p < 0.05, ^*** p < 0.001, ^**** p < 0.0001).