Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics
| OAC use (n=30,068) |
No OAC use (n=2,645) |
P value | Warfarin (n=8,354) |
DOAC (n=21,714) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 17,348 (57.7) | 1,376 (52.0) | <0.0001 | 5,178 (62.0) | 12,170 (56.0) | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 81.4±4.8 | 82.3±5.5 | <0.0001 | 81.9±4.9 | 81.2±4.7 | <0.0001 |
| Age groups (years) | ||||||
| ≥75 to <80 | 12,075 (40.2) | 978 (37.0) | <0.0001 | 3,030 (36.3) | 9,045 (41.7) | <0.0001 |
| ≥80 to <85 | 10,317 (34.3) | 783 (29.6) | 2,887 (34.6) | 7,430 (34.2) | ||
| ≥85 to <90 | 5,806 (19.3) | 591 (22.3) | 1,781 (21.3) | 4,025 (18.5) | ||
| ≥90 to <95 | 1,647 (5.5) | 230 (8.7) | 567 (6.8) | 1,080 (5.0) | ||
| ≥95 to <100 | 218 (0.7) | 57 (2.2) | 86 (1.0) | 132 (0.6) | ||
| ≥100 | 5 (<0.1) | 6 (0.2) | 3 (<0.1) | 2 (<0.1) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4±3.6 | 22.8±3.5 | <0.0001 | 23.3±3.6 | 23.4±3.6 | 0.3070 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.2±17.0 | 129.7±17.4 | <0.0001 | 125.9±17.1 | 127.7±16.9 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 70.7±11.6 | 70.3±11.5 | 0.1489 | 69.9±11.8 | 71.0±11.6 | <0.0001 |
| CCr (mL/min) | 48.6±22.0 | 46.0±18.3 | <0.0001 | 44.9±28.9 | 50.1±18.5 | <0.0001 |
| CHADS2 score | 2.87±1.18 | 2.63±1.17 | <0.0001 | 2.95±1.18 | 2.84±1.18 | <0.0001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 4.47±1.38 | 4.28±1.40 | <0.0001 | 4.54±1.40 | 4.44±1.37 | <0.0001 |
| HAS-BLED score | 1.85±0.85 | 1.94±0.89 | <0.0001 | 1.95±0.88 | 1.82±0.84 | <0.0001 |
| History of hemorrhage | 1,106 (3.7) | 158 (6.0) | <0.0001 | 342 (4.1) | 764 (3.5) | 0.0176 |
| AF type | ||||||
| Paroxysmal | 11,930 (39.7) | 1,814 (68.6) | <0.0001 | 2,461 (29.5) | 9,469 (43.6) | <0.0001 |
| Persistent | 9,335 (31.0) | 510 (19.3) | 2,719 (32.5) | 6,616 (30.5) | ||
| Permanent | 8,803 (29.3) | 321 (12.1) | 3,174 (38.0) | 5,629 (25.9) | ||
| History of non-pharmaceutical therapy for AF |
5,111 (17.0) | 618 (23.4) | <0.0001 | 1,356 (16.2) | 3,755 (17.3) | 0.0282 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 22,683 (75.4) | 1,922 (72.7) | 0.0015 | 6,249 (74.8) | 16,434 (75.7) | 0.1117 |
| Diabetes | 8,196 (27.3) | 633 (23.9) | 0.0002 | 2,449 (29.3) | 5,747 (26.5) | <0.0001 |
| CKD | 6,325 (21.0) | 460 (17.4) | <0.0001 | 2,182 (26.1) | 4,143 (19.1) | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory disease | 3,850 (12.8) | 343 (13.0) | 0.8094 | 1,116 (13.4) | 2,734 (12.6) | 0.0743 |
| MI | 1,720 (5.7) | 153 (5.8) | 0.8917 | 621 (7.4) | 1,099 (5.1) | <0.0001 |
| Heart failure | 11,471 (38.2) | 788 (29.8) | <0.0001 | 3,656 (43.8) | 7,815 (36.0) | <0.0001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 6,897 (22.9) | 512 (19.4) | <0.0001 | 1,901 (22.8) | 4,996 (23.0) | 0.6407 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1,786 (5.9) | 158 (6.0) | 0.9440 | 567 (6.8) | 1,219 (5.6) | 0.0001 |
| Gastrointestinal disorder | 8,731 (29.0) | 852 (32.2) | 0.0006 | 2,363 (28.3) | 6,368 (29.3) | 0.0749 |
| Malignant tumor (primary cancer only) |
3,295 (11.0) | 293 (11.1) | 0.8510 | 857 (10.3) | 2,438 (11.2) | 0.0160 |
| Dementia | 2,293 (7.6) | 266 (10.1) | <0.0001 | 588 (7.0) | 1,705 (7.9) | 0.0173 |
| Fall within 1 year | 2,198 (7.3) | 179 (6.8) | 0.3795 | 672 (8.0) | 1,526 (7.0) | 0.0025 |
| No. concomitant drugs | 6.7±3.1 | 5.8±3.3 | <0.0001 | 7.2±3.3 | 6.5±3.1 | <0.0001 |
Unless indicated otherwise, data are presented as n (%) or mean±SD. AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CCr, creatinine clearance; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; MI, myocardial infarction; OAC, oral anticoagulant; SBP, systolic blood pressure.