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Electrolyte Concentrations in Pleural/Interstitial Fluids Compared With Blood Serum Under Normal Physiological Conditions and in Heart Failure
| Pleural space | Reference | Interstitial space | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal physiology | ||||
| Sodium | Lower | Sahn et al,27 | Lower | Edelman et al13 |
| Chloride | Lower | Zocchi et al28 | Higher | |
| Potassium | Equivalent | Lower | ||
| Heart failure | ||||
| Sodium | Slightly higher | Present study | Unclear | Not available |
| Chloride | Selectively and greatly higher | |||
| Potassium | Equivalent | |||
