Table 2.
Physical characteristics before and after the intervention.
| Variable | Intervention group |
Control group |
Between-group difference in mean change from baseline |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 27) | 12 weeks follow-up (n = 27) | Baseline (n = 21) | 12 weeks follow-up (n = 21) | P value | |
| Age (yrs) | 22.9 (3.2) | 22.9 (2.7) | |||
| Weight (kg) | 57.9 (6.0) | 58.3 (6.2) | 53.9 (5.2) | 54.1 (5.2) | 0.583 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.9 (2.2) | 22.1 (2.4) | 20.3 (1.9) | 20.4 (1.8) | 0.607 |
| Percentage fat (%) | 32.8 (3.3) | 29.9 (3.1) | 30.8 (3.5) | 28.7 (3.2) | 0.097 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 18.5 (3.3) | 16.7 (3.1) | 16.2 (3.2) | 14.9 (3.0) | 0.131 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 35.5 (3.2) | 36.7 (3.3) | 34.0 (2.5) | 34.6 (2.5) | 0.036∗ |
| Total body BMC mass (kg) | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.1) | 2.0 (0.1) | 0.911 |
| Systolic bood pressure (mmHg) | 113.5 (9.5) | 112.1 (10.6) | 111.1 (7.2) | 108.0 (9.3) | 0.514 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.1 (8.9) | 74.8 (6.1) | 74.0 (6.4) | 72.2 (9.4) | 0.342 |
| Resting heart rate (beats/min) | 78.2 (2.4) | 83.9 (2.8) | 80.6 (2.4) | 81.9 (2.0) | 0.247 |
| Total physical activity (MET-min/week) | 1258.7 (1111.5) | 1692.8 (1219.8) | 1004.6 (858.0) | 1384.5 (1520.5) | 0.813 |
| Sedentary time (min/d) | 356.5 (215.5) | 420.0 (176.7) | 615.7 (899.8) | 434.1 (184.3) | 0.184 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1463.2 (337.2) | 1421 (83.5) | 1550.3 (366.4) | 1320.7 (140.2) | 0.096 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 3.6 (1.4) | 3.5 (1.1) | 4.1 (2.5) | 3.4 (1.4) | 0.408 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 211.0 (51.4) | 200.8 (62.8) | 227.9 (60.4) | 185.0 (70.2) | 0.137 |
| Protein (g/d) | 54.0 (14.2) | 52.0 (12.8) | 59.3 (16.6) | 46.9 (15.6) | 0.027∗ |
| Fat (g/d) | 45.0 (11.7) | 44.3 (10.0) | 51.7 (16.0) | 43.1 (9.9) | 0.138 |
The values are shown as the means (SD).
∗P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
BMC = bone mineral content; MET = metabolic equivalent units.