Table 1.

Studies examining the association between COVID-19, myocarditis identified on cardiac MRI, and levels of troponin

First author	Title	Date Published	Institution	Journal	Population	ECG and Imaging	Biomarkers
Study type
Rajpal [18]	Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Findings in Competitive Athletes Recovering From COVID-19 Infection	Sept 2020	The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA	JAMA Cardiology	26 college athletes, both asymptomatic and symptomatic, with RT-PCR+ COVID	1. None with ST/T changes on ECG or abnormal TTE 2. 15% (4/26) with CMR evidence of myocarditis by 2 main criteria of updated Lake Louise Criteria and additional 8/26 (30.8%) had LGE without T2 elevation (suggestive of prior myocardial injury).	1. Serum cardiac troponin I negative in all subjects
Prospective observational cohort
					CMR performed 11–53 days after positive test
Huang [19]	Cardiac Involvement in Patients Recovered From COVID-2019 Identified Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging	May 2020	Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China	JACC Cardiovascular Imaging	26 patients with COVID-19 and cardiac symptoms with CMR performed at a median of 47 days (IQR 36–58) after cardiac symptom onset	1. 58% (15/26) with abnormal conventional CMR findings (54% with myocardial edema and 31% with LGE)	1. At time of CMR, none with elevated hs-cTnI
					Performed conventional (cine, T2 weighted, LGE) and quantitative mapping (T1/T2/ECV)
Retrospective observational cohort
							2. No statistically significant difference in hs-cTnI, NT-proBNP, or IL-6 at time of imaging between those with and without CMR findings
						2. Global native T1/T2 and ECV were significantly elevated in patients with conventional CMR findings compared to both those without findings and healthy, age-matched controls.
						3. Decreased RV function parameters in those with conventional CMR findings compared to healthy, age-matched controls (P < 0.05)
Esposito [20]	Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Myocarditis-Like Acute Cardiac Syndrome in COVID-19	June 2020	IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy	JACC Cardiovascular Imaging	10 symptomatic patients (chest pain in 8 and dyspnea in 2) at a median of 3 days (IQR 2–4) after cardiac symptoms and biomarker elevations	1. ECG changes in 8/10 (6 with ST elevations, 1 with ST depressions, and 1 with T-wave inversions)	1. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T concentrations were elevated in 4 patients with median of 120 ng/L [IQR: 103 to 157 ng/L]
Case series
						2. 2/10 with reduced EF and apical ballooning consistent with Takotsubo
							1.2. hs-TnI concentrations in remaining 6 patients with median of 1626 ng/L [IQR: 1340 to 2538 ng/L]
						3. Of the remaining 8, 3 had mildly reduced EF
Puntmann [21•]	Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	July 2020	University Hospital Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany	JAMA Cardiology	100 patients who tested positive via RT-PCR,	1. 78% with abnormal CMR; including 73% with elevated myocardial native T1, 60% with elevated myocardial native T2, 32% with late gadolinium enhancement, and 22% with pericardial enhancement.	1. High sensitivity cardiac troponin T correlated with native T1 (r = 0.33; P < .001) and native T2 mapping (r = 0.18; P = .01)
Prospective observational cohort
					Median 71 days after diagnosis (IQR 64–92)