TABLE 3.

Effects and 95% confidence intervals for Model 3.

Growth mindset	Effect	Boot SE	Boot LLCI	Boot ULCI
Direct effects	–0.02	0.02	–0.02	0.05
Total indirect effect	0.07	0.01	0.05	0.09
Indirect effect 1	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.03
Indirect effect 2	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.05
Indirect effect 3	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.02

The path of indirect effect 1 is “growth mindset → perceived COVID-19 event strength → learning engagement,” the path of indirect effect 2 is “growth mindset → perceived stress → learning engagement,” and the path of indirect effect 3 is “growth mindset → perceived COVID-19 event strength →perceived stress → learning engagement.”