TABLE 1.
Aptamers developed against water-borne bacteria.
| Aptamer name | Target | Culture conditiona | OD/Growth stagea,b | Counter-Selex Strainsc | Type of sensors | LOD | References |
| Norovirus | |||||||
| AG3 | MuNoV | NA | NA | Feline calicivirus (FCV) | Electrochemical | 180 virus particles | Giamberardino et al., 2013 |
| NA | Optical (colorimetric) | 200 virus/ml | Weerathunge et al., 2019 | ||||
| Aptamer 25/SMV-25 | SMV | NA | NA | HuNoV-negative human stool suspension, bead-antibody complex | NA | NA | Escudero-Abarca et al., 2014 |
| Non-toxic norovirus GII capsid recombinant | NA | Optical (Chemiluminescence) | 80 ng/ml | Kim B. et al., 2018 | |||
| Aptamer 21/SMV-21 | SMV | NA | NA | HuNoV-negative human stool suspension, bead-antibody complex | NA | NA | Escudero-Abarca et al., 2014 |
| Norovirus Group II (recombinant VLP) | NA | Electrochemical | 100 pM | Chand and Neethirajan, 2017 | |||
| C. parvum | |||||||
| R4-6 | Oocysts | NA | NA | Giardia duodenalis cysts | Electrochemical | 100 oocysts | Iqbal et al., 2015 |
| NA | Electrochemical | 50 oocysts | Iqbal et al., 2019 | ||||
| Min_Crypto2 | Oocysts | NA | NA | NA | Optical fluorescence | 5 oocysts | Hassan et al., 2021 |
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Aci49 | Whole-cell-A. baumannii (ATCC 19606) | BHI broth, 37°C, overnight | 0.4/E | Acinetobacter lwoffii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and 11 species | Optical (colorimetric) | 103 CFU/ml | Rasoulinejad and Gargari, 2016 |
| NA | Optical (fluorescence) | 3 CFU/ml | Li et al., 2020 | ||||
| NA | Optical (fluorescent) | 10 CFU/ml | Yang et al., 2020 | ||||
| AB aptamer | Whole-cell A. baumannii | NR | NR | NR | Optical (colorimetric) | 450 CFU/rxn | Wu et al., 2018 |
| NA | Optical (fluorescence) | 105 CFU/ml | Su et al., 2020 | ||||
| NA | Optical (fluorescence) | 100 CFU/ml | Su et al., 2020 | ||||
| NA | Optical (fluorescence) | 300 CFU/ml | Bahari et al., 2021 | ||||
| Aeromonas | |||||||
| Apt1 | Whole-cell (A. hydrophila) | LB,37°C, 18 h | NR | NR | Optical (Fluorescence) | 1.5 CFU/ml | Zhu et al., 2019 |
| Campylobacter | |||||||
| Aptamer C2 and Aptamer C3 | Surface protein (C. jejuni) | NR | NR | NR | Optical (fluorescence) | 2.5 CFU/ml | Bruno et al., 2009 |
| NA | Optical (colorimetric) | 5–10 CFU/ml | Bruno and Sivils, 2017 | ||||
| ONS-23 | Whole-cell (C. jejuni A9a) | BBL brucella broth, 42°C, 48 h, microaerophillic conditions | PE* | 20 strains (enteric, non-enteric, lactic acid) | NA | NA | Dwivedi et al., 2010 |
| NA | Optical (colorimetric) | 10 CFU/ml | Dehghani et al., 2018 | ||||
| NA | Optical (colorimetric) | 7.2 × 105 CFU/ml | Kim Y. J. et al., 2018 | ||||
| CJA1 | Whole-cell (C. jejuni) | NR | Optical (colorimetric) | 10 CFU/ml | Chen et al., 2020 | ||
| Cyanobacteria | |||||||
| ATX8 | Anatoxin-a (ATX) | NA | NA | ATX free beads | Electrochemical | 0.5 nM | Elshafey et al., 2015 |
| MC-LR aptamer/AN6 | Microcystin-LR | NA | NA | Blank sepharose beads | Electrochemical | 10 pM | Ng et al., 2012 |
| NA | Optical (fluorescence) | 0.002 ng/ml | Lv et al., 2017 | ||||
| E. coli | |||||||
| L9F | O111-LPS (E. coli O111:K58) | 35°C, TSB, overnight | NR | NR | NA | NA | Bruno et al., 2008 |
| NA | Electrochemical | 112 CFU/ml | Luo et al., 2012 | ||||
| Eco4R/ECAII | Outer membrane protein (OMP)—E. coli 8739 | 37°C, blood agar, overnight | NR | NR | NA | NA | Bruno et al., 2010 |
| NA | Electrochemical | NR | Queirós et al., 2013 | ||||
| Eco4F | OMP-E. coli 8739 | 37°C, blood agar, overnight | NR | NR | NA | NA | Bruno et al., 2010 |
| NA | Optical (colorimetric/fluorescence) | 300 CFU/ml | Bruno, 2014 | ||||
| Eco3R/ECAI | OMP-E. coli 8739 | 37°C, blood agar, overnight | NR | NR | NA | NA | Bruno et al., 2010 |
| NA | Electrochemical | NR | Queirós et al., 2013 | ||||
| NA | Optical (colorimetric/fluorescence) | 300 CFU/ml | Bruno, 2014 | ||||
| NA | Optical (Evanescent wave fiber optics) | 0.1nM | Queirós et al., 2014 | ||||
| E1 | Whole cell (E. coli fecal isolate) | NB, 37°C | 0.45/E | E. coli (non-fecal isolate), other fecal isolates | NA | NA | Kim et al., 2013 |
| E2 | Whole cell (E. coli fecal isolate) | NB, 37°C | 0.45/E | E. coli (non-fecal isolate), other fecal isolates | NA | NA | Kim et al., 2013 |
| NA | Optical (fluorescence) | 3 CFU/ml | Jin et al., 2017 | ||||
| NA | Electrochemical | 100 CFU/ml | Wu et al., 2017 | ||||
| E10 | Whole cell (E. coli fecal isolate) | NB, 37°C | 0.45/E | E. coli (non-fecal isolate), other fecal isolates | NA | NA | Kim et al., 2013 |
| E1 + E2 + E10 (pooled) | NA | Electrochemical | 371 CFU/ml | Kim et al., 2014 | |||
| AptB12 | Whole cell (E. coli ETEC K88) | LB | E | ETEC K99, S. enteritidis, S. aureus, | Optical (fluorescence) | 1.1 × 103 CFU/ml | Peng et al., 2014 |
| RNAaptamer | NR | LB, 37°C, 2–3 h | NR | NA | Electrochemical | NR | So et al., 2008 |
| NA | Immunomagnetic separation and RT-PCR | 10 CFU/ml | Lee et al., 2009 | ||||
| NA | Electrochemical | 6–26 CFU/ml | Zelada-Guilleìn et al., 2010 | ||||
| Aptamer I-1 | O-antigen LPS (E. coli O157:H7) | Brucella broth,37°C,24 h (+0.04% formaldehyde) | NR | E. coli K12 | NA | NA | Lee et al., 2012 |
| NA | Electrochemical | 4 CFU/ml | Burrs et al., 2016 | ||||
| Ec3 (31) | Whole cell (E. coli DH5α) | LB | 0.4 | B. subtilis | Electrochemical | 2 × 104 CFU/ml | Dua et al., 2016 |
| P12-31 | Whole cell (E. coli O6) | 37°C, LB | 0.3 | NR | NA | NA | Marton et al., 2016 |
| AM-6 | Whole cell (E. coli O157:H7) | LB | 0.6 | E. coli strains O42, K12, Top10, DH5α, S. flexneri, S. Typhi | NA | NA | Amraee et al., 2017 |
| S1 | Whole cell (E. coli O157:H7) | BHI, 37°C | E | S. aureus, S. Typhyimurium, L. monocytogens | Mechanical (Quartz Crystal Microbalance-QCM) | 1.46 × 103 CFU/ml | Yu et al., 2018 |
| Apt-5 | whole cell (E. coli O157:H7) | LB, 37°C | NR | E. coli ETEC and 3 other species | NA | NA | Zou et al., 2018 |
| a-aptamer/E-17F72* | O157:H7 LPS | LB, 37°C | NR | NR | NA | NA | Bruno et al., 2009 |
| c-aptamer/E-18R72* | O157:H7 LPS | LB, 37°C | NR | NR | NA | NA | Bruno et al., 2009 |
| a-aptamer, c-aptamer | NA | Optical (colorimetric) | 10 CFU/ml | Wu et al., 2015 | |||
| a-aptamer, c-aptamer | NA | Optical (colorimetric) | 25 CFU/ml | Díaz-Amaya et al., 2019b | |||
| a-aptamer, c-aptamer | NA | Optical (surface enhanced raman spectroscopy-SERS) | 100 CFU/ml | Díaz-Amaya et al., 2019a | |||
| c-aptamer | NA | Optical (fluorescence) | 100 CFU/ml | Hao et al., 2019 | |||
| NA | Optical (fluorescence) | 80 CFU/ml | Jiang et al., 2020 | ||||
| Helicobacter pylori | |||||||
| Hp-Ag aptamer | Recombinant Hp surface antigen | NR | NR | BSA | NA | NA | Gu et al., 2018 |
| Hp4 | Recombinant Hp surface antigen | Blood agar, 37°C, 3 days | NR | BSA | NA | NA | Yan et al., 2019 |
| Legionella | |||||||
| R10C5, R10C1 | Whole cell (Lp 120292) | CYE agar plate, 37°C, 3 days followed by AYE media,37°C, 24 h | 2.5/PE | Pseudomonas putida KT2440, Pseudomonas fluorescens LMG1794 | NA | NA | Saad et al., 2020 |
| NTM | |||||||
| BM2/N31 | ManLAM, M. bovis (BCG) | L-J medium | E | NR | Optical (ELONA) | 104 CFU/ml | Sun et al., 2016 |
| Electrochemical | NR | Sodia et al., 2020 | |||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |||||||
| F23 | Whole cell (P. aeruginosa clinical isolate) | Mueller-Hinton (MH) media, 37°C, 24 h | NR | S. maltophilia, A. baumannii | Optical (fluorescence) | NR | Wang et al., 2011 |
| NA | Optical (fluorescence) | 100 CFU/ml | Gao et al., 2018 | ||||
| NA | Optical (Long range Surface Plasomon Resonance-LSPR) | 1 CFU/ml | Hu et al., 2018 | ||||
| NA | Optical (Fluorescence) | 1 CFU/ml | Zhong et al., 2018 | ||||
| NA | Electrochemical and Optical (colorimetric) | 60 CFU/ml | Das et al., 2019 | ||||
| NA | Electrochemical | 33 CFU/ml | Roushani et al., 2019 | ||||
| NA | Mechanical (piezoelectric quartz crystal) | 9 CFU/ml | Shi et al., 2019 | ||||
| St17Lp21, St21Lp17, St08Lp17 | Biofilm-derived whole cells (PA 692/ATCC 14502) | LB broth, 37°C, 16 h followed by 22°C, 42 h to make biofilm. | E | NR | NA | NA | Soundy and Day, 2017 |
| F23 + St08Lp17 (pool) | NA | Optical (Fluorescence) | 1 CFU/ml | Zhong et al., 2020 | |||
| Salmonella | |||||||
| Aptamer 33 | OMP (S. tyhpimurium PT10) | BHI, 37°C, 2–3 h | E. coli OMP and LPS, Salmonella LPS | Magnetic bead based pull down assay and qPCR | 10–100 CFU/ml | Joshi et al., 2009 | |
| NA | Optical (Fluorescence) | 5 CFU/ml | Duan et al., 2012 | ||||
| NA | Electrochemical | 3 CFU/ml | Ma et al., 2014 | ||||
| NA | Electrochemical | 55 CFU/ml | Hasan et al., 2018 | ||||
| NA | Optical (LSPR) | 30 CFU/ml | Yoo et al., 2015 | ||||
| NA | Optical (LSPR) | 104 CFU/ml | Oh et al., 2017 | ||||
| ST2P | Whole cell (S. typhimurium ATCC 50761) | BBL-BHI, 37°C, overnight | 0.3/E | L. monocytogenes, E. coli, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, V. parahemolyticus, C. sakazakii | Optical (fluorescence) | 25 CFU/ml | Duan et al., 2013b |
| NA | Optical (Colorimetric, SERS) | 10 CFU/ml | Duan et al., 2016 | ||||
| NA | Optical (Fluorescence) | 25 CFU/ml | Duan et al., 2014 | ||||
| S8-7 | Whole cell (S. typhimurium S913) | TSB-amp, 37C, overnight | NR | L. monocytogenes Scott A E. coli O157: H7, B. cereus, E. faecalis | NA | NA | Dwivedi et al., 2013 |
| C4 | Whole cell (S. typhimurium) | BHI, 35°C, overnight | NR | E. coli, S. enteritidis, S. aureus | NA | NA | Moon et al., 2013 |
| Apt22 | Whole cell (S. paratyphi A) | NB,37C | 2.1/E | S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Cholerasuis, S. Arizonae | Optical (chemiluminescence) | 1000 CFU/ml | Yang et al., 2013 |
| S25 | Whole cell (S. enteriditis-multiple) | TSB, overnight | NR | Salmonella serovars-multiple | Hyeon et al., 2012 | ||
| SAL26 | Whole cell (S. typhimurium ATCC14028) | TSB,37°C, overnight culture followed by TSB,37°C, 3 h then fixing with methanol | E | 4 Salmonella enterica serovars and 9 bacterial species. | Optical (Colorimetric) | 100 CFU/ml | Lavu et al., 2016 |
| SAL1 | Whole cell (S. paratyphi-A ATCC 9150) | LB broth, 37°C | E | S. Typhimurium, S. flexneri, E. coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica | Optical (fluorescence) | 10 CFU/ml | Rm et al., 2020 |
| B5 | Whole cell (S. typhimurium ATCC14028) | BHI broth, 37°C | PE | S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 | Mechanical (QCM) | 1,000 CFU/ml | Wang L. et al., 2017 |
| Shigella | |||||||
| Aptamer S 1 | Whole cell (Shigella dysenteriae) | LB | E | S. aureus, S. typhimurium, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, V. parahaemolyticus | Optical (Fluorescence) | 50 CFU/ml | Duan et al., 2013a |
| NA | Electrochemical | 1 CFU/ml | Zarei et al., 2018 | ||||
| Sp1 | Whole cell (Shigella sonnei ATCC 51334) | LB, 37°C, overnight | NR | S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. typhimurium, E. coli | Optical (fluorescence) | 30 CFU/ml | Gong et al., 2015 |
| NA | Optical (SERS) | 10 CFU/ml | Wu et al., 2020 | ||||
| Sp20 | Whole cell (Shigella sonnei ATCC 51334) | LB, 37°C, overnight | NR | S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. typhimurium and E. coli | Optical (Fluorescence) | 30 CFU/ml | Gong et al., 2015 |
| S. flexneri aptamer1 | Whole cell (Shigella flexneri) | NR | NR | Optical (fluorescence) | 100 CFU/ml | Zhu et al., 2015 | |
| SS-3, SS-4 | Whole cell (Shigella sonnei) | NB, 37°C | NR | E. coli | Optical (Fluorescence) | 1,000 CFU/ml | Song et al., 2017 |
| S. flexneri aptamer‘ | Whole cell (Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022) | NB, 37°C, 12 h | NR | NR | Optical (colorimetric) | 80 CFU/ml | Feng et al., 2019 |
| Vibrio cholerae | |||||||
| CT916 | Cholerae toxin | NA | NA | Ethanolamine-blocked magnetic beads | Optical (colorimetric) | 2.1 ng/ml | Frohnmeyer et al., 2018 |
| NA | Optical (colorimetric) | 1–100 ng/ml | Frohnmeyer et al., 2019 | ||||
| Whole cell (V. cholerae O1 -Inaba, ATCC 39315 and Ogawa) | LB broth, 37°C | 0.4/E | E. coli O157:H7, S. a dysenteriae, S. enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, Yersinia spp., S. flexneri | Optical (colorimetric) | 104 CFU/ml | Mojarad and Gargaria, 2020 | |
| Yersinia | |||||||
| N30yc5, N71yc2 | Recombinant Yop51 | NR | NR | NR | NA | NA | Bell et al., 1998 |
| M1, M5, M7 | Whole cell (Yersinia entercolitica) | Specific media (NaCl, beef extract, peptone, pH 7.2-7.4), 26°C | 0.3 (L), 0.6 (E), 0.9 (PE) | B. cereus, S. dysenteriae, L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, and E. coli | NA | NA | Shoaib et al., 2020 |
NR, Not Reported, NA, Not applicable. *Extrapolated from culture conditions. aMicrobial culture conditions and growth conditions are listed for aptamer development only. The Microbial culture and growth conditions used for aptasensors development are listed in Supplementary Table S1. bState: L, lag phase; E, exponential; PE, post-exponential. cIf number of strains used for counter selection is higher than to 5, they are listed in Supplementary Table S1.