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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2021 Apr 15;86(5):523–529. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002618

Table 1:

Age specific and age adjusted prevalence of HIV infection and HIV self-reported testing by demographic and behavioral risk factors for NHANES 2009–2018

Percent HIV Positive Percent HIV Tested
Cofactor Sample Size Percent Lower 95% CI~ Upper 95% CI P-value* Sample Size Percent Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI P-value*
Total 18480 0.41 0.27 0.61 17173 44.2 42.7 45.7
Age
 18–39 (Ref) 9925 0.20 0.11 0.31 9263 43.6 41.8 45.4
 40–49 4361 0.69 0.28 1.39 0.057 3989 50.0 47.4 52.6 <0.001
 50–59 4194 0.65 0.38 1.02 0.005 3921 37.8 35.3 40.4 <0.001
Sex
 Men 8871 0.70 0.44 1.06 <0.001 8458 39.6 37.6 41.7 <0.001
 Women (Ref) 9609 0.13 0.07 0.23 8715 49.0 47.3 50.7
Race and Hispanic Origin1
 Non-Hispanic white 6649 0.29 0.12 0.59 <0.001 6171 42.4 40.5 44.3 <0.001
 Non-Hispanic black (Ref) 3907 1.61 1.18 2.14 3823 64.3 61.8 66.7
 Hispanic 4996 0.24 0.13 0.42 <0.001 4596 39.6 37.1 42.1 <0.001
 All non-black2 14573 0.25 0.12 0.46 <0.001 13350 41.4 39.9 42.9 <0.001
Education
 Less than highh school 4000 0.36 0.18 0.63 0.597 3624 38.1 35.4 40.7 <0.001
 Completed high school/GED 4256 0.38 0.19 0.68 0.737 4049 39.9 37.7 42.2 <0.001
 More than completed HS/GED (Ref) 10214 0.43 0.24 0.73 9492 47.3 45.6 48.9
Poverty Index Ratio3
 Below poverty 4186 0.73 0.47 1.07 0.035 3885 46.2 43.8 48.7 0.108
 At or above (Ref) 12622 0.36 0.20 0.59 11801 44.1 42.4 45.7
Marital Status
 Married/ living / widowed (Ref) 10581 0.33 0.16 0.61 9591 44.7 42.9 46.5
 Divorced/Separated 2266 0.29 0.12 0.62 0.816 2107 57.0 54.5 59.5 <0.001
 Never married 4317 0.98 0.71 1.32 0.001 4135 48.5 45.7 51.4 0.023
Health Insurance
 Any (Ref) 13445 0.42 0.25 0.64 0.774 12499 45.1 43.5 46.7 <0.001
 None 5004 0.37 0.16 0.72 4645 41.0 38.8 43.3
Regular place for health care
 Any (Ref) 14329 0.45 0.29 0.68 0.281 13288 46.0 44.4 47.7 <0.001
 None 4150 0.26 0.07 0.66 3884 38.1 35.9 40.4
Health Care in the past 12 months
 Any (Ref) 14508 0.48 0.31 0.72 0.001 13466 46.7 45.1 48.4 <0.001
 None 3949 0.10 0.03 0.26 3685 34.4 31.9 37.0
Lifetime number of sexual partners
 0–4 (Ref) 6993 0.07 0.02 0.17 7167 29.3 27.8 30.8
 5–9 4037 0.22 0.10 0.41 0.035 4118 46.7 44.5 48.9 <0.001
 10 or more 5270 0.90 0.54 1.41 0.001 5400 60.3 58.0 62.7 <0.001
Age of first intercourse
 <18 years 9389 0.47 0.31 0.69 0.380 9633 50.7 48.9 52.4 <0.001
 18 or older (Ref) 7006 0.37 0.17 0.69 7161 35.3 33.5 37.2
History of sexual contact with same sex among men
 Any 423 8.84 5.05 14.11 <0.001 432 69.2 62.4 75.4 <0.001
 None (Ref) 7657 0.18 0.08 0.35 7864 37.8 35.8 39.8
Ever used injection or illicit drugs
 Any 2818 0.84 0.41 1.53 0.021 2863 55.4 52.8 58.0 <0.001
 None (Ref) 13603 0.30 0.19 0.45 13957 41.7 40.2 43.3
Herpes Simplex virus type 2 infection status4
 Positive HSV-2 2537 1.22 0.51 2.44 0.004 2207 66.3 62.9 69.6 <0.001
 Negative HSV-2 (Ref) 11728 0.17 0.05 0.41 10265 41.8 39.6 43.9

Ref=Reference Group

~

Confidence Interval

*

p-value from linear contrast comparing subgroup to reference group

1

All non-Hispanic others including multiracial are not reported individually but are included in the estimates for the total population and all non-black persons

2

Consists of all non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic others combined

3

Below vs at or above the poverty line based on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services poverty index ratio adjusted for family size.

4

Measured only on those age 18–49