Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of patients who received ICI and developed AKI
| Patients with non-irAKI (N=109) |
Patients with irAKI (N=14) |
All Patients with AKI (N=123) |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 63 (58%) | 8 (58%) | 72 (59%) | 0.91 |
| Race | 0.54 | |||
| White | 78 (71%) | 13 (93%) | 91 (74%) | |
| African American | 16 (15%) | 1 (7%) | 21 (17%) | |
| Other | 15 (14%) | 0 | 11 (9%) | |
| Median Age (years) | 67 | 66 | 67 | 0.69 |
| Range of Ages (years) | 31-90 | 48-90 | 31-90 | |
| Cancer Type | 0.25 | |||
| Non-Small Cell Lung | 28 (26%) | 6 (43%) | 34 (28%) | |
| Bladder | 20 (18%) | 0 | 20 (!6%) | |
| Melanoma | 13 (12%) | 3 (21%) | 16 (13%) | |
| Hepatocellular | 7 (6%) | 1 (7%) | 8 (7%) | |
| Renal Cell | 6 (6%) | 1 (7%) | 7 (6%) | |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 5 (5%) | 2 (14%) | 7 (6%) | |
| Small Cell Lung Cancer | 7 (6%) | 0 | 7 (6%) | |
| Other | 23 (21%) | 1 (17%) | 24 (20%) | |
| Underlying Autoimmune Disease | 3 (3%) | 2 (14%) | 5 (4%) | 0.04 |
| Documented Other irAE | 11 (10%) | 9 (57%) | 19 (15%) | 0.01 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Coronary Artery Disease | 21 (19%) | 2 (14%) | 23 (19%) | 0.65 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 29 (27%) | 4 (29%) | 33 (27%) | 0.88 |
| Hypertension | 46 (42%) | 8 (57%) | 54 (44%) | 0.29 |
| CKD3 or Greater | 27 (25%) | 6 (43%) | 33 (27%) | 0.15 |
| Urinalysis | ||||
| WBC on UA >5 (per HPF) | 41 (51%) | 7 (54%) | 48 (39%) | 0.86 |
| RBC on UA>5 (per HPF) | 34 (43%) | 4(31%) | 37 (30%) | 0.43 |
| Leukocyte Esterase on UA | 29 (36%) | 6 (46%) | 35 (28%) | 0.49 |
| Proteinuria >30 mg/dL | 46 (58%) | 7 (54%) | 53 (43%) | 0.81 |
| ICI Received | ||||
| Pembrolizumab | 49 (45%) | 8 (57%) | 57 (46%) | |
| Nivolumab | 42 (39%) | 4 (29%) | 46 (37%) | |
| Ipilimumab | 0 | 1 (7%) | 7 (6%) | |
| Atezolizumab | 7 (6%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | |
| Ipilimumab/Nivolumab | 11 (10%) | 1 (7%) | 12 (10%) | |
| Concurrent Chemotherapy | 10 (9%) | 2 (14%) | 12 (10%) | |
| Concurrent Targeted Therapy | 6 (6%) | 0 | 6 (5%) | |
| Median Baseline Cr (mg/dL) | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.71 |
| Interquartile Range Pre-Treatment Cr (mg/dL) | 0.35-3.21 | 0.58-2.11 | 0.40 | |
| Cause of AKI | ||||
| Acute Interstitial Nephritis | 0 | 14 | 14 (11%) | |
| Pre-Renal Azotemia | 77 (71%) | 0 | 77 (63%) | |
| Post-Renal Obstruction | 23 (21%) | 0 | 23 (19%) | |
| Acute Tubular Necrosis | 7 (6%) | 0 | 7 (6%) | |
| Drug-Induced | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | |
| Contrast-Induced Nephropathy | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (1%) |
AKI = acute kidney injury; CKD = chronic kidney disease; Cr = creatinine; HPF = high power field; ICI = immune checkpoint inhibitor; ir = immune related; RBC = red blood cells; UA = urinalysis; WBC = white blood cells.