Table 2.
Prediction of AUDIT at baseline and follow-up in the overall sample.
| AUDIT baseline (14 years) N = 1659 | AUDIT follow-up (16 years) N = 1327 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Standardized beta | p | Standardized beta | p | ||
| LEQ (sexuality, deviance) | 0.119 | (0.071–0.167) | 0.000 | 0.131 | (0.075–0.187) | 0.000 |
| SURPS hopelessness | 0.103 | (0.057–0.151) | 0.000 | 0.061 | (0.007–0.115) | 0.026 |
| MCQ discounting | 0.030 | (−0.014–0.074) | 0.182 | −0.035 | (−0.085–0.015) | 0.169 |
| TCI impulsivity | 0.019 | (−0.027–0.065) | 0.420 | 0.062 | (0.010–0.114) | 0.021 |
| NEO extraversion | 0.067 | (0.020–0.114) | 0.006 | 0.124 | (0.069–0.179) | 0.000 |
| WISC-IV PRI | −0.035 | (−0.088–0.012) | 0.161 | −0.025 | (−0.083–0.033) | 0.380 |
| WISC-IV VCI | 0.014 | (−0.042–0.077) | 0.584 | 0.031 | (−0.023–0.085) | 0.282 |
| CGT risk-taking | −0.002 | (−0.042–0.038) | 0.923 | 0.053 | (0.004–0.102) | 0.035 |
| SNP risk score | 0.003 | (−0.041–0.047) | 0.894 | −0.021 | (−0.071–0.029) | 0.408 |
| SES | −0.003 | (−0.048–0.042) | 0.905 | 0.012 | (−0.043–0.068) | 0.655 |
| Baseline smoking | 0.385 | (0.338–0.432) | 0.000 | 0.062 | (0.006–0.118) | 0.032 |
| Baseline drinking | – | – | 0.258 | (0.203–0.314) | 0.000 | |
| FH alcohol and drugs | −0.050 | (−0.093 to −0.007) | 0.024 | −0.058 | (−0.098 to −0.002) | 0.059 |
| MID Insula anticipation | −0.015 | (−0.064–0.033) | 0.543 | −0.027 | (−0.083–0.029) | 0.344 |
| MID VS anticipation | 0.007 | (−0.048–0.062) | 0.805 | 0.082 | (0.020–0.144) | 0.010 |
| MID VMPFC anticipation | 0.008 | (−0.039–0.055) | 0.742 | −0.086 | (−0.141 to −0.031) | 0.002 |
| MID Insula outcome | 0.019 | (−0.029–0.068) | 0.439 | −0.057 | (−0.112 to −0.002) | 0.042 |
| MID VS outcome | −0.032 | (−0.082–0.019) | 0.217 | 0.079 | (0.020–0.138) | 0.009 |
| MID VMPFC outcome | −0.038 | (−0.085–0.009) | 0.118 | −0.020 | (−0.074–0.034) | 0.466 |
| SST OFC | −0.004 | (−0.068–0.060) | 0.901 | 0.008 | (−0.058–0.074) | 0.811 |
| SST rIFG | −0.031 | (−0.089–0.027) | 0.298 | 0.022 | (−0.047–0.091) | 0.535 |
| Prenatal cigarette consumption | 0.008 | (−0.035–0.051) | 0.714 | 0.000 | (−0.055–0.054) | 0.986 |
| Prenatal alcohol consumption | 0.079 | (0.035–0.123) | 0.000 | 0.006 | (−0.050–0.062) | 0.834 |
AUDIT Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, LEQ Life Events Questionnaire, SURPS Substance Use Risk Profile Scale, TCI Temperament and Character Inventory, NEO Revised NEO Personality Inventory—NEO PI-R, WISC-IV Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition, PRI perceptual reasoning index, VCI verbal comprehension index, CGT Cambridge Gambling Task, SNP single nucleotide polymorphisms, SES socioeconomic status, FH family history, MID Monetary Incentive Delay, VS ventral striatum, VMPFC ventromedial prefrontal cortex, SST Stop Signal Task, OFC orbitofrontal cortex, rIFG right inferior frontal gyrus, AUDIT baseline R2 = 0.244, AUDIT follow-up R2 = 0.193.