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. 2021 Feb 19;13:593927. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.593927

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

3xTg-AD A-EVs induce astrocyte-neuronal damage. (A) Morphological characterization showing neurons: F-actin in red and nuclei were stained with Hoechst (blue). Magnification × 60, scale bar 20 μm. (B) The cytotoxicity of co-culture astrocytes-neurons is expressed as the percentage of LDH released from cells 24 h after C57BL6-, PS1-KI and 3xTg-AD A-EVs. (C,D) Fold change data calculated by dividing the values by the value obtained from cells with no A-EVs treatment. (C) fold change of the percentages of F-actin per field of neurons and (D) fold change of the percentage of condensed nuclei of neurons treated with C57BL6-, PS1-KI and 3xTg-AD A-EVs. (E) Morphological characterization showing astrocytes: F-actin in red, GFAP in green and nuclei in blue. Magnification × 60, calibration bar 20 μm. (F) Fold change data calculated by dividing the values by the value obtained from cells with no EV treatment, Fold change of GFAP intensity (MFI) of astrocyte. Representative data from n = 3. Data were plotted as means and SEM. Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparison test. ∗Indicates p < 0.05; ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01.