SCHEME 1.

Overview of the experimental procedure. Briefly, a biomimetic biphasic scaffold consisting of a superficial DCM phase with relative low stiffness and small pores (approximately 134 μm) and an underlying DBM phase with relative higher stiffness and larger pores (approximately 336 μm) was fabricated by an iterative layered lyophilization technique. Additionally, the individual DCM and DBM layers were recolonized with BMSCs and cultured in vitro to evaluate chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the biphasic DCM/DBM scaffold was used to evaluate the repair effect in a rabbit OCD model.