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. 2021 Feb 19;12:625307. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.625307

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic structural organization of two types of plant glycosyltransferases involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis in plant Golgi. (A) The structural organization of typical glycosyltransferase (GT) as a type II membrane protein with the large soluble catalytic domain attached via the flexible, most likely, unfolded stem region to TMD and the short N-terminus extruded out the membrane. These GTs have a single hydrophobic helix as their TMD. The actual crystal structure of XXT1 (Culbertson et al., 2018) is used here to show the catalytic domain localized in the Golgi lumen. (B) The structural organization of the cellulose synthase-like (CSL) proteins as the integral membrane proteins with multiple TMDs and the soluble catalytic domain that could localize either in the cytoplasm or in the Golgi lumen. Depending on the number of TMD helices spanning the membrane, the C- and N-termini of CSLs can localize on the same or opposite sides of the Golgi membrane (Davis et al., 2010).