Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants in longitudinal analytic sample (N=6,652) based on medication use
| No opioid use (n=6,016) | Opioid use (n=636) | No gabapentinoid use (n=6,412) | Gabapentinoid use (n=240) | No NSAID use (n=4,370) | NSAID use (n=2,282) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| Age, mean (sd), years | 62.0 (10.2) | 62.6 (10.2) | 62.0 (10.2) | 62.9 (9.4) | 62.9 (10.3) | 60.4 (9.9) |
| Female | 2910 (48) | 234 (37) | 3062 (48) | 82 (34) | 2245 (51) | 899 (39) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 2275 (38) | 271 (43) | 2442 (38) | 104 (43) | 1450 (33) | 1096 (48) |
| Chinese | 771 (13) | 21 (3) | 774 (12) | 18 (8) | 706 (16) | 86 (4) |
| African American | 1636 (27) | 200 (31) | 1771 (28) | 65 (27) | 1235 (28) | 601 (26) |
| Hispanic | 1334 (22) | 144 (23) | 1425 (22) | 53 (22) | 979 (22) | 499 (22) |
| Glucose status | ||||||
| Normal | 4449 (74) | 448 (70) | 4748 (74) | 149 (62) | 3144 (72) | 1753 (77) |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 830 (14) | 93 (15) | 887 (14) | 36 (15) | 634 (15) | 289 (13) |
| Diabetes | 737 (12) | 95 (15) | 777 (12) | 55 (23) | 592 (14) | 240 (11) |
| Treated hypertension | 1943 (32) | 276 (43) | 2105 (33) | 114 (48) | 1452 (33) | 767 (34) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Current | 758 (13) | 113 (18) | 838 (13) | 33 (14) | 557 (13) | 314 (14) |
| Former | 2178 (36) | 259 (41) | 2350 (37) | 87 (36) | 1560 (36) | 877 (38) |
| Never | 3080 (51) | 264 (41) | 3224 (50) | 120 (50) | 2253 (51) | 1091 (48) |
| Current alcohol use | 3344 (56) | 349 (55) | 3586 (56) | 107 (45) | 2269 (52) | 1424 (62) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Normal weight (BMI<25) | 1797 (30) | 110 (17) | 1859 (29) | 48 (20) | 1433 (33) | 474 (21) |
| Overweight (BMI 25–30) | 2377 (39) | 226 (36) | 2517 (39) | 86 (36) | 1716 (39) | 887 (39) |
| Obese (BMI>30) | 1842 (31) | 300 (47) | 2036 (32) | 106 (44) | 1211 (28) | 921 (40) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean(sd), mmHg | 126.2 (21.3) | 129.2 (23.0) | 126.3 (21.4) | 129.2 (23.1) | 126.8 (21.4) | 125.8 (21.5) |
| History of sleep apneaa | 169 (3) | 38 (6) | 194 (3) | 13 (6) | 129 (3) | 78 (4) |
a
History of physician-diagnosed sleep apnea assessed was assessed from questionnaires at exam 2 (2002–2004) and was available on 6,082/6652 study participants. Percentages are calculated for those with non-missing data.
Abbreviations: NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SD, standard deviation.