Table 2.
Baseline sample characteristics and AD markers by sex and prediabetic status.
| Women | Men |
Sex p-value |
Pre-diabetic Status p-value |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normo-glycemic Mean (SD) |
Prediabetic Mean (SD) |
p-value | Normo-glycemic Mean (SD) |
Prediabetic Mean (SD) |
p-value | |||
| N (%) | 251 (59.9%) | 168 (40.1%) | 269 (54.7%) | 223 (45.3%) | 0.11 | – | – | |
| Follow-up time, years | 4.2 (2.4) | 3.8 (2.4) | 0.10 | 4.4 (2.9) | 4.1 (2.6) | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.04 |
| Age | 72.2 (7.3) | 72.2 (6.7) | 0.93 | 73.9 (6.9) | 73.9 (7.0) | 0.95 | <0.001 | 0.88 |
| Education, years | 15.8 (2.6) | 15.7 (2.7) | 0.74 | 16.7 (2.6) | 16.5 (2.7) | 0.28 | <0.001 | 0.27 |
| White, N (%) | 229 (91.2%) | 158 (94.0%) | 0.16 | 258 (95.9%) | 203 (91.0%) | 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.55 |
| APOE4 carrier, N (%) | 102 (40.6%) | 75 (44.6%) | 0.42 | 117 (43.5%) | 87 (39.0%) | 0.31 | 0.85 | 0.85 |
| MMSE score | 28.5 (1.5) | 28.3 (1.7) | 0.28 | 28.2 (1.7) | 28.1 (1.6) | 0.69 | 0.02 | 0.31 |
| MCI diagnosis, N (%) | 104 (41.4%) | 58 (34.5%) | 0.16 | 111 (41.3%) | 98 (43.9%) | 0.55 | 0.22 | 0.62 |
| Incident dementia cases, N (%) | 55 (21.8%) | 32 (19.2%) | 0.51 | 67 (24.6%) | 44 (19.7%) | 0.19 | 0.50 | 0.16 |
| Body mass index | 26.5 (5.2) | 27.4 (5.8) | 0.08 | 26.8 (3.4) | 27.5 (4.1) | 0.04 | 0.47 | 0.006 |
| History of CVD, N (%) | 146 (58.2%) | 117 (69.6%) | 0.02 | 192 (71.3%) | 152 (68.2%) | 0.44 | 0.03 | 0.30 |
| Pulse Pressure* (mm Hg) | 59.6 (18.3) | 60.7 (14.7) | 0.52 | 58.8 (13.0) | 58.5 (14.8) | 0.81 | 0.18 | 0.82 |
| Baseline fasting blood glucose level (mg/dL) | 87.8 (11.1) | 107.8 (6.7) | <0.001 | 90.1 (8.5) | 109.0 (6.5) | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| AD biomarkers | ||||||||
| HV/IV ratio | 4.89 (0.75) | 4.84 (0.78) | 0.57 | 4.56 (0.75) | 4.56 (0.72) | 0.96 | 0.001 | 0.70 |
| CMRglu | 1.30 (0.13) | 1.27 (0.13) | 0.005 | 1.26 (0.14) | 1.25 (0.12) | 0.21 | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| p-tau/Aβ ratio | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.78 | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.43 | 0.75 | 0.76 |
| AD cognitive markers | ||||||||
| AVLT Z score | −0.5 (1.2) | −0.3 (1.1) | 0.34 | −0.8 (1.0) | −0.9 (1.0) | 0.48 | <0.001 | 0.84 |
| TMT Part B Z score | −0.4 (1.4) | −0.6 (1.5) | 0.23 | −0.6 (1.6) | −0.4 (1.2) | 0.04 | 0.60 | 0.45 |
| BNT Z score | −0.5 (1.4) | −0.7 (1.7) | 0.18 | −0.4 (1.5) | −0.5 (1.4) | 0.37 | 0.13 | 0.12 |
Table reflects sample characteristics of the largest sample examined (N = 911). “Sex p-value” and “Prediabetic Status p-value” columns reflect differences by sex across prediabetic status groups and differences by prediabetic status across sex, respectively. P-values within the sex columns reflect differences between prediabetes status within sex and are derived. All p-values are derived from univariate analyses of variance for continuous variables and Chi-square tests for categorical variables.
Pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) – diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg); MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment; MMSE, Mini Mental State Exam; HV/IV, hippocampal/intracranial volume × 103; CMRGlu, cerebral metabolic glucose rate; AVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; TMT, Trail Making Test; BNT, Boston Naming Test.