Table 2.

Driver mutations and the transition to invasive and metastatic disease (65, 66, 69).

Genes	Gene type	Mutation type
BRAF (2)	Oncogene	Point mutation, translocations, copy number alteration
NRAS (2)	Oncogene	Point mutation, copy number alteration
NF1 (2)	Tumor suppressor	Point mutation
TERT	Telomere maintenance	Point mutation, copy number alteration
GNAQ	Oncogene	Point mutation
HRAS	Oncogene	Point mutation, indel
PTEN	Tumor suppressor	Point mutation, epigenetic silencing, copy number alteration
AKT3	Oncogene	Structural rearrangement
CDKN2A	Tumor suppressor	Point mutation, methylation silencing, copy number alteration
CCND1	Oncogene	Copy number alteration
CDK4	Oncogene	Copy number alteration
RB1	Tumor suppressor	Point mutation
TP53	Tumor suppressor	Point mutations, copy number alteration
MDM2	Oncogene	Copy number alteration
ARID2	Tumor suppressor	Point mutations, copy number alteration