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. 2021 Feb 19;11:613324. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.613324

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Xiao, Zheng, Li, Yu, Ping, Wang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of QYDP on TGF-β, β-catenin, and Smad2 expression shown by immunohistochemistry staining. (A) immunostaining for TGF-β, (B) immunostaining for β-catenin, (C) immunostaining for Smad2, (D) percentage (%) of TGF-β (+) in kidneys, (E) percentage (%) of β-catenin (+) cells in kidneys, and (F) percentage (%) of Smad2 (+) cells in kidneys. Values are mean ± SD (n = 6); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with normal group; ##p < 0.01 compared with DM group. NC, normal control; DM, diabetes mellitus; LQYDP, low dose of Qishen Yiqi dripping pill; HQYDP, high dose of Qishen Yiqi dripping pill.