Table 1.
The demographic and general clinical characteristics of participants.
| CSS |
FES |
HC |
F/χ2 | P | Corrected P⁎ | CSS vs FES | CSS vs HC | FES vs HC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 158) | (n = 50) | (n = 40) | |||||||
| Age (yrs) | 28.30 ± 7.70 | 22.30 ± 6.74 | 25.25 ± 6.79 | 30.646 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.020 | 0.061 |
| Education (yrs) | 13.15 ± 2.98 | 12.24 ± 2.44 | 14.68 ± 2.94 | 17.033 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.053 | 0.003 | <0.001 |
| Gender | 0.610 | 1.830 | 0.568 | 0.358 | 0.740 | ||||
| Male (%) | 78 (49.37%) | 27 (54%) | 23 (57.5%) | 0.988 | |||||
| Female (%) | 80 (50.63%) | 23 (46%) | 17 (42.5%) | ||||||
| Smoker (%) | 23 (14.56%) | 8 (16.0%) | 11 (27.5%) | 3.840 | 0.147 | 0.441 | 0.803 | 0.053 | 0.184 |
| Alcohol drinker (%) | 8 (5.06%) | 2 (4.0%) | 11 (27.5%) | 23.344 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.759 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Exercise (%) | 50 (31.65%) | 12 (24.0%) | 5 (12.5%) | 6.223 | 0.045 | 0.135 | 0.303 | 0.016 | 0.166 |
| Drug dose (DDD) | 396.45 ± 227.82 | 365.71 ± 257.74 | −0.839 | 0.402 | 1.206 | ||||
| Disease course (m) | 80.08 ± 61.10 | 6.79 ± 8.38 | −10.10 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| BPRS total score | 29.75 ± 9.08 | 41.02 ± 8.69 | 22.48 ± 3.01 | 85.705 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
DDD: drug dose is the average daily chlorpromazine equivalent mg/d; CSS:clinically stable patients with schizophrenia; FES: first-episode patients with schizophrenia; HC: healthy controls.
⁎
All indicated p values were after Bonferroni's correction.