Table 7.
Comparison of the inadequate vitamin intake between ASD and TD children stratified by gender.
| Daily vitamins intake | Reference range | Boy | Girl | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–3 years | 4–8 years | ASD N (%) | TD N (%) | p-value | ASD N (%) | TD N (%) | p-value | |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 15.0 | 25.0 | 2 (5.60) | 2 (7.70) | 1.000 | 1 (6.70) | 2 (8.00) | 1.000 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 0.50 | 0.60 | 1 (2.80) | 1 (3.80) | 1.000 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (4.00) | 1.000 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 0.50 | 0.60 | 3 (8.30) | 1 (3.80) | 0.633 | 1 (6.70) | 2 (8.00) | 1.000 |
| Niacin (mg) | 6.00 | 8.00 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (3.80) | 0.119 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0.502 |
| Pantothenic Acid (mg) | 2.00 | 3.00 | 20 (55.6) | 15 (57.7) | 1.000 | 12 (80.0) | 15 (60.0) | 0.298 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.50 | 0.60 | 3 (8.30) | 0 (0.00) | 0.258 | 2 (13.3) | 3 (12.0) | 1.000 |
| Biotin (mcg) | 8.00 | 12.0 | 21 (58.3) | 17 (65.4) | 0.608 | 11 (73.3) | 15 (60.0) | 0.502 |
| Folate (mcg) | 150 | 200 | 36 (100) | 26 (100) | ND | 15 (100) | 25 (100) | ND |
| Vitamin B12 (mcg) | 0.90 | 1.20 | 36 (100) | 26 (100) | ND | 15 (100) | 25 (100) | ND |
| Vitamin A | 300 | 400 | 36 (100) | 26 (100) | ND | 15 (100) | 25 (100) | ND |
| Vitamin D (mcg) | 15.0 | 15.0 | 36 (100) | 26 (100) | ND | 15 (100) | 25 (100) | ND |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 6.00 | 7.00 | 34 (94.4) | 19 (73.1) | 0.015 | 14 (93.3) | 22 (88.0) | 1.000 |
| Vitamin K (mcg) | 30.0 | 55.0 | 31 (86.1) | 15 (61.5) | 0.026 | 14 (93.3) | 22 (88.0) | 1.000 |
ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder; TD, Typically Developing Child; ND, Not Detected; All children in the study population were inadequate.
Significant difference at p < 0.05. Chi-square (χ2) test.