Table 3.
Sex differences in the risk factors of abnormal glucose regulation in men and women.
| Groups | Men | Women | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-IGT | DM | I-IGT | DM | |
| Age groups, n (%) | ||||
| < 65 years | 79 (16.3)* | 11 (2.6)* | 150 (22.2)* | 14 (2.6) |
| 65∼years | 93 (24.6) | 14 (4.7) | 108 (28.3) | 15 (5.2) |
| ≥75 years | 37 (34.6) | 7 (9.1) | 31 (37.8) | 4 (7.3) |
| Education, n (%), | ||||
| ≤6 years | 126 (26.3)* | 16 (4.3) | 206 (27.3)* | 28 (4.9)* |
| > 6 years | 83 (16.9) | 16 (3.8) | 83 (21.6) | 5 (1.6) |
| Income, n, (%) | ||||
| < 2,000 yuan | 150 (22.9) | 21 (4.0) | 204 (27.4)* | 22 (3.9) |
| 2,000∼6,000 yuan | 54 (18.7) | 11 (4.5) | 81 (22.6) | 11 (3.8) |
| > 6,000 yuan | 5 (19.2) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (11.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Never smoking | 58 (24.4) | 4 (2.2) | 278 (25.8) | 32 (3.9) |
| Ever smoking | 58 (24.4) | 10 (5.3) | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Current smoking | 90 (18.7) | 18 (4.4) | 6 (14.0) | 1 (2.6) |
| Alcohol consumption, n, (%) | ||||
| Never drinking | 95 (21.3) | 7 (1.9)* | 285 (25.7) | 33 (3.8) |
| Ever drinking | 32 (26.7) | 4 (4.3) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Current drinking | 80 (20.4) | 21 (6.3) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| sleep duration, n, (%) | ||||
| < 5 h | 24 (22.6) | 5 (5.7) | 80 (28.1) | 12 (5.5) |
| 5∼ h | 52 (18.8) | 9 (3.9) | 86 (25.1) | 11 (4.1) |
| 7∼ h | 115 (22.8) | 13 (3.2) | 107 (24.0) | 8 (2.3) |
| > 9 h | 15 (21.7) | 5 (8.5) | 13 (22.0) | 1 (2.1) |
| Physical exercise, n, (%) | ||||
| No | 69 (17.7)* | 10 (3.0) | 104 (24.1) | 13 (3.8) |
| Yes | 140 (24.1) | 22 (4.7) | 185 (26.2) | 20 (3.7) |
| Hypertension, n, (%) | ||||
| No | 27 (11.5)* | 4 (1.9) | 56 (18.1)* | 4 (1.6)* |
| Yes | 181 (24.7) | 27 (4.7) | 233 (28.1) | 29 (4.6) |
| BMI, n, (%) | ||||
| underweight | 1(6.7)* | 0 (0) | 5(22.7)* | 0 (0) |
| Normal | 62 (16.2) | 13 (3.7) | 66 (20.2) | 8 (2.8) |
| Over weight | 101 (24.5) | 16 (4.9) | 124 (25.2) | 11 (2.9) |
| Obesity | 45 (28.0) | 3 (2.5) | 93 (31.6) | 14 (6.5) |
| Central obesity, n, (%) | ||||
| No | 116 (18.1)* | 18 (3.3) | 113 (19.6)* | 10 (2.1)* |
| Yes | 93 (28.1) | 14 (5.6) | 175 (31.3) | 23 (5.7) |
*indicated P < 0.05; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; i-IGT, isolated impaired glucose tolerance; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index.