TABLE 10.

List of patented formulations related to nanoparticles for oral drug delivery.

Patent number	Assignee	Invention	References
WO2008073558A2	Johns Hopkins University, USA	The invention provided new orally bioavailable smart NPs for delivery of poorly soluble drugs, showing improved pharmacokinetics and bioavailability	(Maitra et al., 2014)
WO2015057751A1	NanoSphere Health Sciences Inc., USA	Investigation disclosed the composition and development method for nutraceuticals encapsulated within phospholipids-based NPs by emulsification Method	(Kaufman, 2018)
US20120003306A1	NanoMega Medical Co., USA	The report disclosed a protein/peptide delivery system composed of chitosan and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA). The NPs were suggested to enhance the epithelial permeability and thus are efficient for oral drug delivery	(Sung et al., 2012)
WO2004098564A2	University of Illinois, USA	Reported the development of biodegradable NPs containing streptomycin with high loading efficiency of 50% or higher for tuberculosis treatment. The NPs also can contain other aminoglycosides drugs, which are a known substrate for the multidrug efflux P-glycoprotein (Pgp)	(Popescu and Onyuksel, 2004)
US7674767B2	Samyang Biopharmaceuticals Co., Korea	The invention described the compositions and preparation of orally administrable NPs containing complexes of water-soluble drugs and counter-ion substances. The NPs enhanced drug entrapping and resistance against lipases, thereby increased drug absorption	(Pai et al., 2010)
WO2015023797A9	Northwestern University, USA	The patent disclosed the development and evaluation of drug loaded nanostructures comprising an inorganic core and a lipid layer shell. The NPs showed the potential in the treatment of cancer, vascular disease and infectious disease	(Thaxton et al., 2020)
WO2014197640A1	South Dakota State University, USA	Disclosed the composition and preparation method of core-shell NPs. These NPs comprising food grade proteins along with therapeutic agent suitable for pediatrics	(Perumal and Alqahtani, 2015)
WO2007042572A1	Advanced In Vitro cell Technologies S.A., Spain	The invention described NPs comprising chitosan and heparin prepared by ionic gelation method. The NPs were stable in gastrointestinal fluids and presented an excellent in vivo effectiveness and bioavailability	(Pena et al., 2008)
CN102120781B	China Pharmaceutical University, China	The invention related to the preparation of oral insulin NPs. The NPs mainly contained N-amino acid chitosan as a carrier and insulin for the treatment of diabetes. The NPs were stable after oral administration with a better effect of reducing blood sugar in vivo	(Zhang et al., 2013)
US10420731B1	King Saud University, Saudi Arabia	The invention disclosed the synthesis and preparation method of lignin NPs crosslinked and stabilized by citric acid for oral administration. The NPs improved the oral bioavailability of curcumin by increasing curcumin solubility, stability, sustained its release, enhanced intestinal permeability, and inhibition of P-gp mediated efflux	(Alqahtani et al., 2019)
WO2011034394A2	JW Pharmaceutical Co., Korea	The invention reported the preparation of oxaliplatin-loaded NPs using supercritical fluid gas technology for oral chemotherapy	(Lee et al., 2016)
WO2010015688A1	BioAlliance Pharma Co, USA	The patent disclosed the composition and preparation method of chemotherapeutic formulation containing polymer and cyclic oligosaccharide capable of complexing and delivering anticancer drugs for effective cancer treatments	(Bonnafous et al., 2011)