Table 2.

Characteristics of Cohort studying the efficacy of corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19

Study ID	Severity of disease	Type, dose, and duration	Outcome	Result
Guan	Severe/ Nonsevere	Systemic glucocorticoids	Admission to an (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, or death	The higher percentage among those without the outcome
Yang	Critically ill	Glucocorticoids	28-day mortality after ICU admission	The higher percentage among those without the outcome
Zhou	All	Corticosteroids	Mortality	The higher percentage among those with the outcome with statistical difference
Cao	All	Methylprednisolone Sodium Succ	Mortality	The higher percentage among those with the outcome but no statistical difference
Salacup	All	Steroids	Mortality	The higher percentage among those with the outcome with statistical difference
Li	Severe and critical	Corticosteroids	Mortality	The higher percentage among those without outcome but no statistical difference
Zha	Mild	40 mg methylprednisolone once or twice per day within 24 h of admission for a median of 5 days	Time to virus clearance	No statistically significant differences in virologic or clinical outcomes between patients who received and those who did not receive corticosteroid
Wang	Severe	Methylprednisolone treatment with the dosage of 12 mg/kg/d for 5–7 days	Clinical, laboratory, and radiological improvement	Better statistically significant improvement among those who received methylprednisolone in the duration of fever, Sp02, and absorption degree of the focus in chest CT
Gong	All	Methylprednisolone as 1–2 mg/kg/d inthe initial dose and gradually halved every 3 days, total treating course range from 5 to 10 days	Viral genomic nucleicacid negative conversion and CT imaging lesion absorption	No statistical difference in the CT imaging lesionabsorption in both 2 groups but the shorter time needed to viral genomic nucleic acid negative conversion in the methylprednisolone group
Cruz	COVID-19 patients complicated with ARDS and/or a hyperinflammatory syndrome	1 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone or equivalent, and steroid pulse	In-hospital mortality	In-hospital mortality was lower in patients treated with steroids than in controls
Fang	General and severe	Oral methylprednisolone, 237.5 mg/day for a median duration of 7 days in the general group. Intravenous methylprednisolone, 250.0 mg/day for a median duration of 4.5 days in the severe group	Time to virus clearance	No significant difference identified in both patients in the general group and patients in the severe group
Wu	All	Methylprednisolone	Development of ARDS and death among those with ARDS	Patients who developed ARDS were more likely to be treated with methylprednisolone, and the administration of methylprednisolone appears to have reduced the risk of death in patients with ARDS
Shang	All	Methylprednisolone, prednisone acetate, and dexamethasone	Hospitalization time and clinical and laboratory changing	Survivors who received corticosteroid therapy had a longer duration of hospitalization and there was a significant recovery of lymphocyte counts after corticosteroid therapy for the survivors but not for the patients who died
Xu	All	Corticosteroids	Time to virus clearance	The higher percentage among the > 15 days to virus clearance group with statistical difference