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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Sep 10;70(6):480–504. doi: 10.3322/caac.21635

TABLE 1.

Studies on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Patients With Cancer (Status as of June 2020)

STUDY COUNTRY CANCER COHORT NO. COVID-19+ ICU MV MORTALITY SEVERE INDEPENDENT PREDICTORS
Liang 20206 5 Districts, China 17 Solid cancers, 1 lymphoma; 4 on active therapy 18 Patients with cancer and 1572 patients without cancer 1 % of patients with cancer vs 0.29% in general population 39% in patients with cancer vs 8% in general population (P < .001) For severe events:

  • Cancer (OR, 5.39; 95% Cl, 1.8–16.2; P = .003)

  • COPD (OR, 3.4; 95% Cl, 1.4–8.4; P = .008)

  • DM (OR, 2.2; 95% Cl, 1.3–3.7; P = .002)

  • HTN (OR, 1.9, 95% 1.2–2.9; P = .004)

  • Age (OR, 1.1, 95% 1.0–1.1;P <.001)

  • Women (OR, 0.6, 95% 0.4–0.9; P = .02)
Zhang 202024 Hubei, China Solid cancer only; 6 received anticancer therapy within 14 d (1 radiation, 5 drug) 28 2.2% of all admitted patients 21.4% 35.7% 28.6% 53.6% For severe events:

  • Anticancer therapy within 14 d (OR, 4.1; 95% Cl, 1.1–15.3; P = .04)

  • Patchy consolidation (OR, 5.4; 95% Cl, 1.5–19.8; P = .01)
Dai 202025 Hubei, China 96 Solid cancers, 9 hematologic malignancies; 48 with cancer therapy within 40 d (8 surgery, 13 radiation therapy) 105 Patients with cancer; 536 matched patients without cancer NA 19.05% 9.52% 11.43% 34.3% Death:

  • Age (OR, 30.1; P = .003)

  • DM (OR, 2.99; P = .03)

Severe symptoms:

  • Cancer (OR, 1.99; P = .006)

  • HTN (OR, 1.8; P = .02)

ICU:

  • Cancer (OR, 3.1; P = .001)

  • Age (OR, 11.2; P = .008)

MV:

  • Cancer (OR, 2.7; P = .04)

For severe symptoms:

  • Cancer (HR 2.5; 95% Cl, 1.7–3.8; P < .01)

  • Hem. malignancy (HR 6.3; 95% Cl, 2.7–14.9; P <.01)

  • Lung cancer (HR 2.6; 95% Cl, 1.3–5.0; P < .01)

  • Met. cancer (HR 2.5; 95% Cl, 1.2–5.1; P = .01)

  • Immunotherapy (HR 4.8, 95% 1.7–13.5; P < .01)

  • Surgery (HR, 6.2; 95% Cl, 2.4–15.8; P < .01)
Yang 202026 Hubei, China 183 Solid tumors, 22 hematologic malignancies; 54 with cancer therapies in the 4 wk prior (31 chemotherapy, 12 targeted therapy, 4 immunotherapy, 9 radiation, 2 surgery) 205 NA 15% 10% 20% Mortality:

  • On chemotherapy (OR, 3.5; 95% Cl, 1.2–10.6; P = .03)

  • Men (OR, 3.9; 95% Cl, 1.6–9.5; P = .003)

Cancer type, stage, and time since diagnosis not predictive
Rogado 202027 Madrid, Spain 45 Solid cancers; 71.1% on active treatment 45 4.2% (vs 0.6% in the overall population) 0% 42.2% (vs 13.2% in the overall population) 64% Mortality:

  • Age (OR, 1.1; 95% Cl, 1–1.1; P = .03)

Cancer type, stage, and treatment not predictive
Mehta 202028 New York City, USA 164 Solid cancers, 54 hem. malignancies; 92 with active cancer <1 y (49 on radiation therapy, 47 on drug therapy) 218 With cancer; 1090 age-matched and sex-matched controls NA 10.5% 20.6% 28% (14% in control group) Mortality:

  • Cancer (OR, 2.45; P <.001)

Disease characteristics significantly more common in patients with cancer who died:
HTN, CAD, CHF, chronic lung disease
Garassino 202029 USA, UK, Spain, Italy, France, Switzerland, China, Netherlands Thoracic malignancies, 151 NSCLC, 29 SCLC, 8 thymomas, 2 carcinoids,
1 mesothelioma; 147 on therapy		 200 NA 10% 6% 33% Mortality:

  • Current or former smoker (OR, 3.2; 95% Cl, 1.1–9.1)
Kuderer202030 USA, Canada, Spain 758 Solid cancers, 204 hematologic malignancies; 366 with cancer therapy within 4 wk of COVID-19 diagnosis (160 cytotoxic therapy, 72 targeted therapy, 38 immunotherapy, 12 radiation, 2 surgery) 928 NA 14% 12% 13% 26% 30-D mortality:

  • Age per 10 y (OR, 1.8; 95% Cl, 1.5–2.2)

  • Men (OR, 1.6; 95% Cl, 1.1–2.5)

  • Former smoker (OR, 1.6; 95% Cl, 1.0–2.5)

  • No. of comorbidities >1 (OR, ≥3.6)

  • Cancer not in remission, but stable (OR, 1.8; 95% Cl, 1.1–3.0) or progressing (OR, 5.2; 95% Cl, 2.8–9.8)

  • ECOG status 2 (OR 3.9, 95% Cl 2.1–7.2) ECOG status 3 (OR 5.7, 95% Cl 2.8–11.5)

  • Azithromycin + hydroxychloroquine (OR, 2.9; 95% Cl, 1.8–4.8)

No association with cancer type or therapy
Lee 202031 UK 693 Solid tumors, 169 hematologic malignancies, 47 unspecified; 518 on cancer therapy within 4 wk of COVID-19 diagnosis (281 chemotherapy, 72 targeted therapy, 44 immunotherapy, 76 radiation, 29 surgery) 800 NA 7% NA 28% 23% (critical, 22%) Mortality:

  • Men (OR, 1.7; 95% Cl, 1.2–2.3; P = .006)

  • Age (OR, 9.4; 95% Cl, 6.6–10.0; P< .0001)

  • CVD (OR, 2.3; 95% Cl, 1.5–3.6; p = .002)

  • HTN (OR, 1.95; 95% Cl 1.4–2.8; P = .002)

No association with cancer type, stage, or therapy

Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; CVC, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; Hem. malignancy, hematologic malignancy; HR, hazard ratio; HTN, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; Met. cancer, metastatic cancer; MV, mechanical ventilation; NA, not available; NSCLC, nonsmall cell lung cancer; OR, odds ratio; SCLC, small cell lung cancer.