Table 1.

Anatomical structures to consider based on lesion location

Lesion location	Anatomical structures at risk of injury
Upper pole Either side Left	Lung/pleura, adrenal glands, diaphragm Pancreatic tail
Lower pole Either side	Ureter Small and large bowel
Anterior Either side Left	Small and large bowel Pancreatic tail
Posterior Either side	Rib neurovascular bundle, abdominal wall, genitofemoral nerve
Central Either side	Collecting system