Table 2.
Linear cross-classified multilevel models (CCMM) predicting past week screen time (hours) in adolescence from individual-, school- and neighborhood-level factors in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Wave I, 1994–1995 (N=18,642).
| Model 1 Individual Predictors | Model 2 Individual and School Predictors | Model 3 Individual and Neighborhood Predictors | Model 4 Individual, School, and Neighborhood Predictors | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Effect Estimates | β (95% Credible Interval) | |||
| Intercept | 47.04 (43.66, 50.40) | 50.09 (45.5, 54.7) | 50.26 (46.03, 54.37) | 51.63 (46.95, 56.41) |
| Individual-Level | ||||
| Age (years) | −1.43 (−1.63, −1.23) | −1.36 (−1.55, −1.16) | −1.43 (−1.62, −1.22) | −1.37 (−1.57, −1.18) |
| Female Gender | −5.76 (−6.31, −5.19) | −5.75 (−6.31, −5.21) | −5.76 (−6.32, −5.21) | −5.76 (−6.34, −5.22) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Black | 7.42 (6.45, 8.39) | 6.78 (5.84, 7.74) | 6.66 (5.65, 7.70) | 6.43 (5.39, 7.51) |
| Asian | 0.78 (−0.57, 2.15) | 0.31 (−1.08, 1.64) | 0.64 (−0.77, 2.01) | 0.22 (−1.19, 1.61) |
| Hispanic | 0.59 (−0.33, 1.61) | 0,03 (−1.00, 1.11) | 0.45 (−0.75, 1.51) | −0.03 (−1.12, 1.00) |
| Other | 3.67 (1.25, 6.19) | 3.17 (0.71, 5.64) | 3.42 (0.95, 5.86) | 3.05 (0.66, 5.47) |
| Multiracial | 3.19 (1.76, 4.65) | 2.90 (1.49, 4.33) | 3.00 (1.58, 4.42) | 2.81 (1.35, 4.26) |
| Parental Education | ||||
| Less than high school | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| High school graduate/GED | 1.47 (0.48, 2.49) | 1.59 (0.62, 2.59) | 1.53 (0.57 2.53) | 1.62 (0.60, 2.62) |
| Some college | 1.03 (0.04, 2.04) | 1.22 (0.21, 2.24) | 1.13 (0.10, 2.13) | 1.28 (0.24, 2.30) |
| College graduate or beyond | −0.89 (−1.89, 0.14) | −0.56 (−1.59, 0.45) | −0.66 (−1.71, 0.37) | −0.44 (−1.54, 0.61) |
| Parent Receipt of Public Assistance | 2.08 (1.11, 3.08) | 1.89 (0.90, 2.87) | 1.98 (0.99, 2.96) | 1.85 (0.86, 2.86) |
| School currently in session | −3.85 (−4.46, −3.26) | −3.91 (−4.50, −3.31) | −3.88 (−4.47, −3.28) | −3.94 (−4.53, −3.31) |
| School-Level* | ||||
| Percent White Race | −0.55 (−0.87, −0.25) | −0.46 (−0.79, −0.14) | ||
| Percent on Public Assistance | 0.73 (−0.34, 1.75) | 0.82 (−0.21, 1.85) | ||
| Parental College Degree | −0.67 (−1.13, −0.20) | −0.56 (−1.06, −0.08) | ||
| Neighborhood-Level* | ||||
| Percent White Race | −0.28 (−0.49, −0.06) | −0.17 (−0.39, 0.06) | ||
| Percent on Public Assistance | −0.10 (−0.82, 0.63) | −0.24 (−0.94, 0.48) | ||
| Percent with College Degree | −0.40 (−0.77, −0.02) | −0.30 (−0.70, 0.11) | ||
| Random Effect Estimates | Variance Parameter (95% Credible Interval) [ICC] | |||
| Individual | 365.4 (358.0, 373.1) [96%] | 365.1 (257.3, 372.7) [97%] | 365.3 (357.6, 373.0) [96%] | 365.2 (357.6, 372.7) [97%] |
| School | 13.22 (9.0, 18.4) [3%] | 7.50 (4.6, 11.2) [2%] | 11.3 (7.5, 16.0) [3%] | 7.6 (4.8, 11.3) [2%] |
| Neighborhood | 3.80 (1.4, 6.5) [1%] | 4.35 (2.1, 7.1) [1%] | 4.0 (1.9, 6.9) [1%] | 4.1 (1.4, 7.1) [1%] |
| Fit Statistics (DIC) | 163137 | 163124 | 163137 | 163126 |
ICC: intra-class correlation
DIC: deviance information criterion
*
School and neighborhood-level predictors are presented as estimate for a 10% change in the predictor