Table 2.
Summary of baseline characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Population | Sample size (males) |
Age (years) |
CC description | Assessment | Time of assessment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CC | No CC | CC | No CC | Findings | |||||
| Abrams et al. (2020) | Mortally ill COVID-19 patients hospitalized in 3 New York City hospitals between March 1 and April 3, 2020 | 11 (9) | 122 (74) | 64 (58–72) | 82 (71.8–89) | p = 0.0009 | Arrhythmic death | Last recorded cardiac rhythm | After death |
| Arentz et al. (2020) | Critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to Evergreen Hospital ICU, Washington State | 15 (8) | 6 (3) | 74 (61–82) | 69.5 (66–73) | p = 0.3699 | Cardio-myopathy | Radiologic and laboratory findings | Day of ICU admission and again on day 5 |
| Barman et al. (2020) | Consecutive COVID-19 patients hospitalized in three government hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey | 150 (86) | 457 (248) | 68.5 ± 13.4 | 56.5 ± 15.2 | p < 0.001 | Cardiac injury | Laboratory findings only | Day of hospital admission |
| Bertini et al. (2020) | 431 consecutive COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Italy between 10 March and 14 April 2020 who died or were treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. | 24 (16) | 86 (64) | 71 (59–76) | 68 (60–78) | p = 0.88 | Hs-TnI > 5x the upper reference limit | Laboratory findings only | Day of hospital admission |
| Linschoten and Asselbergs (2020) | COVID-19 patients registered to the international CAPACITY-COVID collaborative consortium with inclusion current from 13 countries | 752 (537) | 4811 (3019) | 71 (64–77) | 66 (55–76) | p < 0.001 | Cardiac complication | According to criteria of the European Society of Cardiology | From hospital admission to discharge |
| Duerr et al. (2020) | COVID-19 patients admitted to the University Hospital Bonn, Germany | 9 (4) | 10 (5) | NA | NA | NA | Pericardial effusion | Radiologic and laboratory findings | Day of hospital admission |
| Ferrante et al. (2020) | Consecutive COVID-19 patients undergoing chest CT on admission to Humanitas Research Hospital in Milan, Italy | 123 (95) | 209 (142) | 74.2 (67.8–80.1) | 60.7 (51.4–70.5) | p < 0.001 | Myocardial injury | Radiologic and laboratory findings | Day of hospital admission |
| Ghio et al. (2020) | Consecutive adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Pavia, Italy) from February 21st to March 31st 2020 | 74 (51) | 266 (188) | 76.1 (69.7–82.5) | 68.6 (56.4–76.4) | p < 0.001 | Myocardial injury | Laboratory findings only | Day of hospital admission |
| Guo et al. (2020) | Consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to the Seventh Hospital of Wuhan City, China | 52 (34) | 135 (57) | 71.4 (SD = 9.43) | 53.53 (SD = 13.22) | p < 0.001 | Myocardial injury | Laboratory findings only | Day of hospital admission |
| Lairez et al. (2020) | COVID-19 patients admitted to Rangueil Hospital of Toulouse University for dyspnea or chest pain from April 6, 2020, to May 1, 2020. | 13 (11) | 18 (16) | 66 ± 8 | 52 ± 13 | p = 0.015 | Myocardial injury | Radiologic and laboratory findings | Day of hospital admission |
| Lala et al. (2020) | COVID-19 patients admitted to five Mount Sinai Health System hospitals in New York City | 530 (318) | 2206 (1312) | Median = 70-80 | Median = 60-70 | NA | Myocardial injury | Laboratory findings only | Day of hospital admission |
| Li et al. (2020a), 2020b, 2020c | Critical type COVID-19 patients randomly selected from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China | 34 (23) | 48 (29) | 70.59% > 70 | 37.5% > 70 | p = 0.003 | Myocardial damage | Laboratory findings only | NA |
| Liu et al. (2020) | COVID-19 patients from Shenzhen Third People's Hospital in Shenzhen, China | 1 (1) | 11 (7) | 63 | 62 (36–65) | NA | Fulminant myocarditis, cardiac failure | Radiologic and laboratory findings | Day of hospital admission |
| Lombardi et al. (2020) | Consecutive COVID-19 patients hospitalized in 13 Italian cardiology units from March 1 to April 9, 2020. | 278 (201) | 336 (234) | 71.3 (12) | 64.0 (13.6) | p < 0.001 | Myocardial injury | Laboratory findings only | Day of hospital admission |
| Lorente-Ros et al. (2020) | Consecutive adult COVID-19 patients admitted to a large tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain | 148 (71) | 559 (193) | 78.7 | 63.4 | Standardized difference = 114% | Myocardial injury | Laboratory findings only | Day of hospital admission |
| Ma et al. (2020) | Adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Yongchuan, Chongqing, China | 45 (27) | 39 (21) | 51 (45.5–63.5) | 45 (39–53) | p = 0.026 | NA | Radiologic and laboratory findings | Day of hospital admission |
| Pagnesi et al. (2020) | Hospitalized non-ICU COVID-19 patients from a large tertiary center in Milan, Italy | 29 (20) | 171 (111) | 65 (55–76) | 62 (54–74) | p = 0.813 | Right ventricular dysfunction | Radiologic and laboratory findings | Day of hospital admission |
| Raad et al. (2020) | COVID-19 patients admitted to Henry Ford Health System in Southeast Michigan, USA, between March 9 and April 15, 2020. | 390 (229) | 630 (280) | 70 (51–89) | 59 (39–79) | NA | Cardiac injury | Laboratory findings only | Day of hospital admission |
| Sala et al. (2020) | Non-ICU COVID-19 patients admitted to seven COVID-19 units at a third-level hub center in Milan, Italy | 12 (NA) | 116 (NA) | 73 ± 10 | 64 ± 14 | NA | Arrhythmias | Radiologic findings only | NA |
| Shah et al. (2020) | Covid-19 patients admitted to 3 Phoebe Putney hospitals in Southwest Georgia, USA, between March 2 and June 7, 2020. | 116 (62) | 193 (70) | 68.2 ± 14.1 | 59.9 ± 14.0 | p < 0.001 | Cardiac injury | Laboratory findings only | NA |
| Shahrokh et al. (2020) | COVID-19 patients presenting to the Sina Hospital emergency department in south Tehran, Iran between March and May 2020. | 115 (69) | 271 (167) | 64.98 ± 15.29 | 57.12 ± 15.48 | p < 0.001 | Cardiac injury | Radiologic and laboratory findings | Day of hospital admission |
| Shi et al. (2020) | Consecutive severe COVID-19 inpatients of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China | 106 (58) | 565 (264) | 73 (66–80) | 57 (43–70) | p < 0.001 | Myocardial injury | Laboratory findings only | Day of hospital admission |
| Song et al. (2020) | Critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU at Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China | 34 (24) | 30 (18) | 67.8 ± 10.3 | 61.3 ± 13.3 | p = 0.033 | Myocardial injury | Laboratory findings only | Day of hospital admission |
| Szekely et al. (2020) | Consecutive adult COVID-19 patients admitted to Tel Aviv Medical Center, Israel | 68 (46) | 32 (17) | 69.8 ± 16 | 65.9 ± 20 | p = 0.56 | Abnormal echocardiogram | Radiologic findings only | Day of admission |
| Toraih et al. (2020) | COVID-19 patients included in studies exploring pre-existing CVD as COVID-19 risk factors, cardiac injury, ICU admission or mortality | 202 (NA) | 958 (NA) | NA | NA | NA | Cardiac injury | Laboratory findings only | NA |
| Wei et al. (2020) | COVID-19 patients admitted to two treatment centers in Sichuan, China | 16 (7) | 85 (47) | 67(61–80.5) | 47(33–55) | p < 0.001 | Acute myocardial injury | Radiologic and laboratory findings | NA |
| Xie et al. (2020) | Non-critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to Tongji Hospital, Wuhanm China | 102 (46) | 517 (251) | 68.9 ± 11.7 | 56.4 ± 13.6 | p < 0.001 | Acute cardiac-related injury | Radiologic and laboratory findings | NA |
| Xu et al. (2020a) | Adult patients with COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China | 12 (6) | 253 (116) | 62.6± 14.5 |
48.1± 15.5 |
p = 0.002 | Acute cardiac injury | Radiologic and laboratory findings | NA |
| Xu et al. (2020b) | COVID-19 patients consecutively hospitalized between January 2 and March 17, 2020, in the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, China. | 47 (23) | 46 (23) | 41 (31–51) | 54 (40–65) | p < 0.001 | Cardiac marker abnormalities | Laboratory findings only | Day of hospital admission |
CC, cardiac complications; ICU, intensive care unit; NA, data not available.