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. 2021 Feb 8;6(3):e138385. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.138385

Figure 3. 6-Gingerol blocks PDE activity and raises cAMP levels.

Figure 3

Human neutrophils were treated with 6-gingerol. Some samples were additionally treated with forskolin, cAMP, and synthetic PDE4 inhibitors (rolipram and IBMX) as indicated. PDE activity (A), cAMP levels (B), and PKA activity (C and D) were measured with kits as described in Methods. In E, neutrophils were treated with APS IgG in the presence or absence of 6-gingerol and/or PKA inhibitor. NETosis was quantified by measuring the enzymatic activity of nuclease-liberated myeloperoxidase (MPO). Mean and SEM are presented for n = 3–4 independent experiments; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 by 1-way ANOVA corrected with Dunnett’s test.