(A) Representative plots illustrate sorting strategy to isolate memory (nonnaive CD8 excluding CD45RA+CCR7+) CD8+ T cell populations (CD57+/–, PD-1+/–, and KLRG1/TIGIT+/–). (B) Volcano plots show differentially expressed genes contrasting PD-1+ (right) and CD57+ (left) with DN cells. Genes canonically associated with exhaustion, as well as key markers of clusters 12 and 20, are highlighted and labeled. (C) Enrichment barcode plots contrast CD57+ and PD-1+ populations with KLRG1/TIGIT–double negative cells in their expression of blue module genes. P value from rotation gene set analysis roast in R. (D) Ki67+ cell frequency in each of the sorted CD8 subsets (week 104 samples; n = 6) following 4 days of stimulation with plate-bound anti-CD3/soluble anti-CD28. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. P values were calculated using 1-way ANOVA, and results are displayed for comparisons of CD57+, PD-1+, and KLRG1–TIGIT– (DN) frequencies. *P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.