Figure 6. Four-week HFD is sufficient to induce liver damage while increasing energy expenditure in DKO animals.

(A) Assessment of liver damage by serum ALT activity of 4-week-old male HFD mice (n = 4–6). (B) Quantification of caloric intake in males and female animals. (C) Representative volume of carbon dioxide (VCO₂) measurement during Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS) study. (D) Representative respiratory exchange ratio (RER) measurement during CLAMS study. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test were performed to detect significance between genotypes. *P < 0.05. Colors indicate genotypes. White, ff:ff (WT); orange, DKO. Shapes indicate sex. Circle, female; square, male.