Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Feb 17;288(1945):20203168. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2020.3168

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 4. — (a) A diagram of the social group experiment, indicating the design applied to the cockroach B. orientalis (upper panel) and the termite N. castaneus (lower panel). Individuals marked in grey represent focal individuals. FW, false workers; S, soldiers; R, reproductives. (b) MA plots of gene expression in B. orientalis conspecifics (upper panel) or each caste of N. castaneus nestmates following exposure to treated focal individuals. Red dots in graphs represent the differentially expressed genes. (c) Principal component analysis (PCA) of total immune gene expression across all three castes of N. castaneus from the social experiment, with points in red indicating social groups exposed to immune-challenged focal individuals. (d) A heatmap of differentially expressed immune genes following pairwise comparisons among castes. Expression levels of genes with up-pointing triangles are significantly higher than genes indicated in down-pointing triangles, whereas genes with triangles pointing in the same direction indicate non-significance. Genes marked with both an up- and down-pointing triangle are significantly differentially expressed compared with both other castes, whereas genes lacking a triangle are not significantly differentially expressed compared with both other castes.