Table 1.
Demographics and neuropsychological status of lesion classification groups. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, +p < 0.1. Standard deviations in parentheses. WAIS-IV FSIQ = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV, Full Scale IQ; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edn; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; STAI = State–Trait Anxiety Inventory; PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Task; Stroop = Stroop Colour-Word Test; TMT-A = Trail Making Test Part A; TMT-B = Trail Making Test Part B.
| group | frontal lesion (N = 18) | amygdala (ATL) lesion (N = 26) | healthy control (N = 18) | F or χ2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| demographics | ||||
| age | 39.72 (12.95) | 36.20 (9.62) | 38.67 (14.72) | F = 0.47 |
| gender |
M = 11 F = 7 |
M = 13 F = 13 |
M = 7 F = 11 |
χ2 = 1.78 |
| education | 15.94 (1.89) | 15.54 (2.23) | 16.00 (1.85) | F = 0.35 |
| racial identification | White = 14 Black = 2 Asian = 1 Hispanic = 1 |
White = 19 Black = 2 Asian = 1 Hispanic = 4 |
White = 7 Black = 6 Asian = 3 Hispanic = 2 |
χ2 = 10.63 |
| cognitive and affective tests | ||||
| WAIS-IV FSIQ | 105.28 (13.43) | 105.46 (12.37) | 104.17 (28.53) | F = 0.03 |
| BDI | 9.00 (8.37) | 9.54 (8.67) | 2.83 (3.55) | F = 4.86* |
| BAI | 7.28 (6.63) | 7.00 (6.98) | 2.28 (2.56) | F = 4.25* |
| STAI trait | 41.00 (12.44) | 40.81 (10.48) | 38.17 (8.21) | F = 0.43 |
| STAI state | 32.11 (9.54) | 32.42 (10.26) | 32.33 (10.03) | F = 0.01 |
| PANAS positive | 34.39 (8.49) | 34.81 (7.63) | 33.56 (7.01) | F = 0.14 |
| PANAS negative | 20.11 (9.18) | 21.46 (6.80) | 15.94 (6.15) | F = 3.05† |
| WCST total categories completed | 3.06 (1.76) | 3.58 (1.50) | 3.67 (1.61) | F = 0.78 |
| WCST perseverative errors | 40.72 (7.50) | 44.96 (8.70) | 45.72 (10.88) | F = 1.64 |
| WCST accuracy rate | 0.67 (0.20) | 0.75 (0.14) | 0.72 (0.21) | F = 1.11 |
| Stroop | 50.76 (10.96) | 54.35 (8.27) | 53.39 (10.16) | F = 0.72 |
| TMT-A (time in seconds) | 29.94 (11.96) | 22.15 (6.70) | 25.11 (10.49) | F = 5.51** |
| TMT-B (time in seconds) | 64.12 (27.64) | 57.96 (17.50) | 60.94 (23.38) | F = 0.51 |
**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, †p < 0.1.