Table 2.

Exemplary validation studies for various mHealth technologies

	Device	Author	n	Setting	Comparator	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	Requires ECG confirmation
	Pulse palpation	Cooke, Doust, and Sanders (2006)	2385	Meta‐analysis	12‐lead ECG	94	72	+
Handheld devices	Zenicor	Doliwa, Frykman, and Rosenqvist (2009)	100	Outpatient cardiology clinic	12‐lead ECG interpreted by cardiologist	96	92
	MyDiagnostick	Tieleman (2014)	192	Outpatient cardiology clinic	12‐lead ECG interpreted by cardiologist	100	96
	Omron HCG‐801	Kearley et al. (2014)	999	Primary care practices	12‐lead ECG interpreted by cardiologist	94.4	94.6
	Merlin ECG event recorders	Kearley et al. (2014)	999	Primary care practices	12‐lead ECG interpreted by cardiologist	93.9	90.1
Smartphone ECG device	AliveCor Kardia Mobile	Lau et al. (2013)	204	Recruited patients	12‐lead ECG interpreted by cardiologist	98	97
Smartphone device PPG	CardioRhythm iPhone	Chan et al. (2016)	1013	Primary care clinic	Single‐lead AliveCor ECG	93	98	+
	PULSE‐SMART App	McManus et al. (2016)	219	Patients undergoing cardioversion	12‐lead ECG or 3‐channel telemetry	97	94	+
	FibriCheck App	Proesmans et al. (2019)	223	Primary care practices	12‐lead ECG	95	97	+
Smartwatch ECG	KardiaBand automated algorithm	Bumgarner et al. (2018)	112	Patients undergoing cardioversion	12‐lead ECG	93	84
Blood pressure device	Microlife	Wiesel, Fitzig, Herschman, and Messineo (2009)	405	Cardiology outpatients	12‐lead ECG	95, 97 for one or 3 measurements, respectively	86, 89 for one or 3 measurements, respectively	+