Representative ICa during 120 ms depolarization to Vmax (0 mV) from a holding potential of –100 mV before and after perfusion of 20 nM and 250 nM CVID obtained from HEK 293T cells transfected by (A) calcium phosphate, (C) FuGENE or (E) Lipofectamine 3000. Representative INa during 20 ms depolarization to Vmax (0 mV) from a holding potential of –80 mV and pre-pulse of –120 mV before and after perfusion of 200 nM and 1 μM TTX obtained from HEK 293T cells transfected by (B) calcium phosphate, (D) FuGENE or (F) Lipofectamine 3000. The current amplitude of both FuGENE-, and Lipofectamine 3000-mediated transfection methods was significantly higher compared to calcium phosphate-mediated transfection for both CaV2.2 and NaV1.7 channels (G). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, from N = 3 independent experiments, each testing 2‒6 cells, *** and **** denotes P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively.