Fig. 3. Dynamic images of a droplet impacting at different impact velocities.

(A to C) Time sequence images of droplet impinging at V_i = 7.5 m/s on a single, double, and triple layer of mask A, respectively. Droplet penetration is observed for single- and double-layer masks, while no penetration is observed for the triple-layer mask. (D and E) Time sequence images of droplet impinging at V_i = 5 m/s on a single and double layer of mask A, respectively. Droplet penetration is only observed for single-layer masks, while no penetration is observed for double- and triple-layer (not shown in the figure) masks. (F and G) Time sequence images of droplet impinging at V_i = 3 and 2 m/s on a single layer of mask A, respectively. Impacting droplet penetrates through the single-layer mask at V_i = 3 m/s, while no penetration is observed for V_i =2 m/s. Scale bar description is included in the figure.