Table 1.
Patient Characteristics by Cohort
| Derivation Set (n = 113) | Internal Validation Set (n = 78) | External Validation Set (n = 161) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 54 (45–64) | 55.5 (46–66) | 54 (45–64) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 72 (64) | 60 (77) | 114 (71) |
| Pre-existing conditions | |||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 50 (44) | 38 (49) | 119 (74) |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 3 (3) | 4 (5) | 3 (2) |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 15 (13) | 11 (14) | 31 (19) |
| Chronic cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 6 (5) | 5 (6) | 7 (4) |
| Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 7 (6) | 8 (10) | 5 (3) |
| Cancer, n (%) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 5 (3) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 4 (2) |
| Chronic steroids, n (%) | 1 (1) | 0 | 7 (4) |
| Transferred from another facility, n (%) | 99 (88) | 70 (89) | 90 (56) |
| Day 1 modified SOFA score, median (IQR) | 4 (2–7) | 5 (2–8) | … |
| Day 1 modified SOFA score ≥2, n (%) | 86 (76) | 62 (79) | … |
| Bacteremia, n (%) | 93 (82) | 56 (72) | 131 (81) |
| 28-Day mortality, n (%) | 62 (55) | 36 (46) | 68 (42) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.