Table 1.

Calculating the three Upper Motor Neuron Burden Scales

UMNB Scale	Total Score	Sub-domains	Sub-domain components	Item scoring
Penn Upper Motor Neuron Score© (Woo JH et al, 2014)	0–32	Reflexes (bilateral)	a. Hyperactive (Biceps, Triceps, Patellar, Ankle) b. Pathological (Jaw jerk, Facial, Palmomental sign, Hoffman sign, Finger flexors, Crossed adductor, Clonus in arm or leg, Babinski sign)	0 if absent, diminished or normal 1 if pathologically brisk (≥ 3)/retained in weak muscle 0 if absent 1 if present
		Spasticity	Modified Ashworth scale (MAS)	0 if no increase in tone 1 if MAS 2 or 3 2 if MAS 4 or 5
		Pseudobulbar affect	CNS-Lability Scale (CNS-LS)	0 if CNS-LS ≤ 13 1 if CNS-LS ≥13
Upper Motor Neuron Burden Score (Zurcher N, et al, 2015)	0–45	Reflexes (bilateral)	a.Hyperactive (Biceps, Brachioradialis, Triceps, Patellar, Ankle) b. Pathological (Jaw jerk, Hoffman, Babinski)	0 if Absent 1 if Diminished 2 if Normal 3 if pathologically brisk/retained in MRC grade ≤2 muscle 4 if Clonus 0 if Absent 1 if Present
UK UMN score (Turner et al 2004)	0–15	Reflexes (bilateral)	a. Hyperactive (Biceps, Brachioradialis, Triceps, Patellar, Ankle b. Pathological (Jaw jerk, Hoffman, Babinski)	0 if normal 1 if pathological 0 if Absent 1 if Present